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. 2022 Aug 6;19(15):9690.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159690.

Change of Rice Paddy and Its Impact on Human Well-Being from the Perspective of Land Surface Temperature in the Northeastern Sanjiang Plain of China

Tao Pan  1   2 , Zhengyi Bao  3 , Letian Ning  1 , Siqin Tong  4
Affiliations

Change of Rice Paddy and Its Impact on Human Well-Being from the Perspective of Land Surface Temperature in the Northeastern Sanjiang Plain of China

Tao Pan et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Large-scale and high-speed paddy land expansion has appeared in Northeast China since the 21st century, causing the change in land surface temperature. The lack of continuous investigation limits the exploration of discoveries in this region. To address this limitation, a collaborative approach that combined human-computer interaction technology, gravity center model and spatial analysis was established. It provided some new findings in spatiotemporal evolution, migration trajectory and surface cooling effect of the paddy field in Northeastern Sanjiang Plain, a center of paddy field planting in China. The results show that: (1) A sustained paddy expansion was monitored, with a total area ranging from 2564.58 km2 to 11430.94 km2, along with a rate of growth of 345.72% from 2000 to 2020. Correspondingly, its reclamation rate changed to 47.53% from 10.66%, showing the improved planting level of the paddy field. (2) Gravity center of paddy field continued to be revealed northward with a 5-year interval from 2000 to 2020. Migration distance of the straight line reached 23.94 km2, with the direction offset of 27.20° from east to north. (3) Throughout the growing season of crops, the land surface temperature of paddy field was 27.73°, 29.38°, 27.01°, 25.62° and 22.97° from May to October; and the cooling temperature effect of paddy field was investigated, with the reduced values of 0.61°, 0.79° and 1.10° in the low-, medium- and high-paddy field density regions from 2000 to 2020, respectively. Overall, these new findings in the cold temperate zone, high latitude region of the Northern Hemisphere, provided the reference for the investigation of paddy field monitoring and its environmental effects in China and other regions.

Keywords: Sanjiang Plain of China; land surface temperature; land use change; paddy field.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Location map of the study area. Note: In the location diagram in the upper left corner, the red area is Sanjiang Plain, and the purple area is our study area.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The mainly technical process of spatiotemporal monitoring of paddy field and its impact on surface temperature from 2000 to 2020.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Reclamation rate of paddy land with 5-year interval from 2000 to 2020 in the study area.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The spatial maps of paddy fields in the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020 and their change with 5-year intervals from 2000–2020.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Center of gravity migration trajectory from 2000 to 2020. Note: number 1 was the study area, and number 2 to 5 was the center of gravity transfer with 5-year interval from 2000–2020.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Land surface temperature of paddy field across the growing seasons from 2000 to 2020. Note: (a) the average temperature from a paddy field each month across the growing season, (b) field investigation of paddy field in the study area and (c) spatial pattern of land surface temperature in July of the study area.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effects of different paddy field sizes on land surface temperature.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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