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. 2022 Jul 28;15(15):5230.
doi: 10.3390/ma15155230.

The Effect of Fluorides (BaF2, MgF2, AlF3) on Structural and Luminescent Properties of Er3+-Doped Gallo-Germanate Glass

Magdalena Leśniak  1 , Gabriela Mach  1 , Bartłomiej Starzyk  1 , Karolina Sadowska  2 , Tomasz Ragiń  2 , Jacek Żmojda  2 , Marcin Kochanowicz  2 , Marta Kuwik  3 , Piotr Miluski  2 , Gloria Lesly Jimenez  1 , Agata Baranowska  4 , Jan Dorosz  2 , Wojciech Pisarski  3 , Joanna Pisarska  3 , Zbigniew Olejniczak  5 , Dominik Dorosz  1
Affiliations

The Effect of Fluorides (BaF2, MgF2, AlF3) on Structural and Luminescent Properties of Er3+-Doped Gallo-Germanate Glass

Magdalena Leśniak et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The effect of BaF2, MgF2, and AlF3 on the structural and luminescent properties of gallo-germanate glass (BGG) doped with erbium ions was investigated. A detailed analysis of infrared and Raman spectra shows that the local environment of erbium ions in the glass was influenced mainly by [GeO]4 and [GeO]6 units. Moreover, the highest number of non-bridging oxygens was found in the network of the BGG glass modified by MgF2. The 27Al MAS NMR spectrum of BGG glass with AlF3 suggests the presence of aluminum in tetra-, penta-, and octahedral coordination geometry. Therefore, the probability of the 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition of Er3+ ions increases in the BGG + MgF2 glass system. On the other hand, the luminescence spectra showed that the fluoride modifiers lead to an enhancement in the emission of each analyzed transition when different excitation sources are employed (808 nm and 980 nm). The analysis of energy transfer mechanisms shows that the fluoride compounds promote the emission intensity in different channels. These results represent a strong base for designing glasses with unique luminescent properties.

Keywords: 27Al MAS NMR spectrum; AlF3; BaF2; DSC; IR; MgF2; Raman; erbium ions; gallo-germanate glass; heavy metal oxide glasses; luminescence properties; structure; thermal stability; wide emission.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
X-ray diffraction patterns of glasses. Pictures of the fabricated glasses (inset).
Figure 2
Figure 2
DSC curves of BGG0.5Er glass modified by BaF2, MgF2, and AlF3.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Normalized IR spectra of glasses in the 420 cm−1–1200 cm−1 range.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Deconvoluted IR spectrum of BGG0.5Er glass.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Deconvoluted IR spectrum of BGG0.5Er_AlF3 glass.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Deconvoluted IR spectrum of BGG0.5Er_BaF2 glass.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Deconvoluted IR spectrum of BGG0.5Er_MgF2 glass.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The ratio of the NBO/BO.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Normalized Raman spectra of glasses in the 100 cm−1–1100 cm−1 range.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Deconvoluted Raman spectrum of BGG0.5Er glass.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Deconvoluted Raman spectrum of BGG0.5Er_AlF3 glass.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Deconvoluted Raman spectrum of BGG0.5Er_BaF2 glass.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Deconvoluted Raman spectrum of BGG0.5Er_MgF2 glass.
Figure 14
Figure 14
27Al MAS-NMR spectrum of BGG0.5Er_AlF3 glass.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Energy level diagrams of Er3+-doped gallo-germanate glasses under laser excitation at (a) 980 nm and (b) 808 nm. GSA, ESA, non-radiative, and possible luminescence transitions have been indicated.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Luminescence spectra of Er3+-doped BGG glass modified by different fluoride compounds under 980 nm laser excitation.
Figure 17
Figure 17
UC luminescence of Er3+-doped BGG glass modified by different fluoride compounds under 980 nm laser excitation.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Log–log plot of up-conversion emission at 525 nm of fabricated glasses.
Figure 19
Figure 19
Log–log plot of up-conversion emission at 546 nm of fabricated glasses.
Figure 20
Figure 20
Log–log plot of up-conversion emission at 660 nm of fabricated glasses.
Figure 21
Figure 21
Luminescence spectra of Er3+-doped BGG glass modified by different fluoride compounds under 808 nm laser excitation in the 1400–1700 range.
Figure 22
Figure 22
UC luminescence of Er3+-doped BGG glass modified by different fluoride compounds under 808 nm laser excitation.
Figure 23
Figure 23
Near-infrared luminescence spectra of Er3+-doped BGG glass modified by different fluoride compounds under 808 nm laser excitation.
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