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Review
. 2022 Aug 8;15(15):5466.
doi: 10.3390/ma15155466.

Cementitious Grouts for Semi-Flexible Pavement Surfaces-A Review

Muhammad Imran Khan  1   2 , Muslich Hartadi Sutanto  2 , Nur Izzi Md Yusoff  3 , Salah E Zoorob  4 , Waqas Rafiq  2 , Mujahid Ali  5 , Roman Fediuk  6   7 , Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin  7
Affiliations
Review

Cementitious Grouts for Semi-Flexible Pavement Surfaces-A Review

Muhammad Imran Khan et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The hybrid type of pavement called semi-flexible or grouted macadam has gained popularity over the last few decades in various countries, as it provides significant advantages over both rigid and conventional flexible pavements. The semi-flexible pavement surface consists of an open-graded asphalt mixture with high percentage voids into which flowable cementitious slurry is allowed to penetrate due to gravitational effect. Several researchers have conducted laboratory, as well as field, experiments on evaluating the performance of semi-flexible layers using different compositions of cementitious grouts. The composition of grouts (i.e., water/cement ratio, superplasticizer, polymers, admixtures, and other supplementary materials) has a significant effect on the performance of grouts and semi-flexible mixtures. A comprehensive review of cementitious grouts and their effect on the performance of semi-flexible layers are presented and summarized in this review study. The effect of byproducts and other admixtures/additives on the mechanical properties of grouts are also discussed. Finally, recommendations on the composition of cementitious grouts have been suggested.

Keywords: cementitious grout; grouted macadam; grouting ability; porous asphalt mixture; semi-flexible pavement.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Grouted Macadam (semi-flexible pavement surface/mixtures) [4,45,48].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Porous aggregate gradation used in past studies.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Aggregate gradation adopted from the Road Engineering Association Malaysia (REAM) Type-2 [56].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Test setup of indentation strength [57].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of cementitious grout on the tensile modulus of elasticity [50].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Flow cones with different geometries: (a) Malaysian flow cone (b) ASTM flow cone (c) Marsh flow cone (dimensions not-to-scale).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Stress–strain relationship of fatigue test results [97].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effect of interface modifiers on grout–asphalt adhesion [101].
Figure 9
Figure 9
SEM micrograph of semi-flexible with control cement grout.
Figure 10
Figure 10
SEM micrograph of semi-flexible with Irradiated PET-based grout.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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