Magnetic Graphene-Based Nanosheets with Pluronic F127-Chitosan Biopolymers Encapsulated α-Mangosteen Drugs for Breast Cancer Cells Therapy

Abstract

In this study, multifunctional chitosan-pluronic F127 with magnetic reduced graphene oxide (MRGO) nanocomposites were developed through the immobilization of chitosan and an amphiphilic polymer (pluronic F127) onto the MRGO. Physicochemical characterizations and in-vitro cytotoxicity of nanocomposites were investigated through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, particle size analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer, Raman spectroscopy and resazurin-based in-vitro cytotoxicity assay. FESEM observation shows that the magnetic nanoparticles could tethered on the surface of MRGO, promoting the magnetic properties of the nanocomposites. FTIR identification analysis revealed that the chitosan/pluronic F127 were successfully immobilized on the surface of MRGO. Furthermore, α-mangosteen, as a model of natural drug compound, was successfully encapsulated onto the chitosan/pluronic F127@MRGO nanocomposites. According to in-vitro cytotoxicity assay, α-mangosteen-loaded chitosan/pluronic F127@MRGO nanocomposites could significantly reduce the proliferation of human breast cancer (MFC-7) cells. Eventually, it would be anticipated that the novel α-mangosteen-loaded chitosan/pluronic F127@MRGO nanocomposites could be promoted as a new potential material for magnetically targeting and killing cancer cells.

Keywords: chitosan; graphene oxide; human breast cancer; pluronic F127; α-mangosteen.

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of nanocomposites formation.

Figure 2

FE-SEM images of MRGO (A); Chi@MRGO (B); PF127-Chi@MRGO (C); α-mangosteen -loaded PF127-Chi@MRGO nanocomposites (D).

Figure 3

XRD spectra (a); particle size distribution (b) of nanocomposites.

Figure 4

Raman spectra of MRGO (a); Magnification of Raman spectra of MRGO (b).

Figure 5

FTIR spectra of GO, Fe₃O₄, Chitosan, PF127, and α-mangosteen (a); FTIR spectra of MRGO, Chi@MRGO, PF127-Chi@MRGO, and α-mangosteen-loaded PF127-Chi@MRGO nanocomposites (b).

Figure 6

VSM of the α-mangosteen-loaded PF127-Chi@MRGO nanocomposites (a); the nanocomposites under magnetic field exposure (b).

Figure 7

Stability of Chi@MRGO (a); PF127-Chi@MRGO (b); α-mangosteen-loaded PF127-Chi@MRGO (c).

Figure 8

Cytotoxicity of Chi@MRGO, PF127-Chi@MRGO, and α-mangosteen-loaded PF127-Chi@MRGO nanocomposites against MCF-7 cell lines.

Figure 9

MCF-7 cell lines cellular image representation in DMEM without nanocomposites (A); after incubation with MRGO (312.5 μg/mL) (B); Chi@MRGO (5000 μg/mL) (C); PF127-Chi@MRGO (1250 μg/mL) (D); α-mangosteen-loaded PF127-Chi@MRGO (5000 μg/mL) (E).