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Review
. 2022 Jul 26:12:972906.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972906. eCollection 2022.

Critical roles of PTPN family members regulated by non-coding RNAs in tumorigenesis and immunotherapy

Xiaolong Tang  1 , Chumei Qi  2 , Honghong Zhou  3 , Yongshuo Liu  4
Affiliations
Review

Critical roles of PTPN family members regulated by non-coding RNAs in tumorigenesis and immunotherapy

Xiaolong Tang et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Since tyrosine phosphorylation is reversible and dynamic in vivo, the phosphorylation state of proteins is controlled by the opposing roles of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs), both of which perform critical roles in signal transduction. Of these, intracellular non-receptor PTPs (PTPNs), which belong to the largest class I cysteine PTP family, are essential for the regulation of a variety of biological processes, including but not limited to hematopoiesis, inflammatory response, immune system, and glucose homeostasis. Additionally, a substantial amount of PTPNs have been identified to hold crucial roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, and inhibitors of PTPNs have promising applications due to striking efficacy in antitumor therapy. Hence, the aim of this review is to summarize the role played by PTPNs, including PTPN1/PTP1B, PTPN2/TC-PTP, PTPN3/PTP-H1, PTPN4/PTPMEG, PTPN6/SHP-1, PTPN9/PTPMEG2, PTPN11/SHP-2, PTPN12/PTP-PEST, PTPN13/PTPL1, PTPN14/PEZ, PTPN18/PTP-HSCF, PTPN22/LYP, and PTPN23/HD-PTP, in human cancer and immunotherapy and to comprehensively describe the molecular pathways in which they are implicated. Given the specific roles of PTPNs, identifying potential regulators of PTPNs is significant for understanding the mechanisms of antitumor therapy. Consequently, this work also provides a review on the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating PTPNs in tumorigenesis and progression, which may help us to find effective therapeutic agents for tumor therapy.

Keywords: PTPNs; cancer; circRNAs; immunotherapy; lncRNAs; miRNAs.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Role of PTPN family members in various cancers. Red font represents tumor promoters and blue font represents tumor suppressors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Dual role of PTPNs in specific cancers.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Members of the PTPN family are involved in regulating the development of immune cells and serve as therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Members of the PTPN family are regulated by miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in various cancers.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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