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Review
. 2022 Jul 31:2022:7934442.
doi: 10.1155/2022/7934442. eCollection 2022.

Targeting Oxidative Stress Mechanisms to Treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review

Abdullahi Tunde Aborode  1 , Manas Pustake  2   3 , Wireko Andrew Awuah  4 , Mariam Alwerdani  5 , Parth Shah  6 , Rohan Yarlagadda  7 , Shahzaib Ahmad  8 , Inês F Silva Correia  9 , Ayush Chandra  10 , Esther Patience Nansubuga  11 , Toufik Abdul-Rahman  4 , Aashna Mehta  12 , Omar Ali  13 , Shekinah Obinna Amaka  4 , Yves Miel H Zuñiga  14 , Anastasiia D Shkodina  15   16 , Oko Christian Inya  17 , Bairong Shen  18 , Athanasios Alexiou  19   20
Affiliations
Review

Targeting Oxidative Stress Mechanisms to Treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review

Abdullahi Tunde Aborode et al. Oxid Med Cell Longev. .

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are becoming more frequent as the age increases. Contemporary therapies provide symptom resolution instead of targeting underlying pathological pathways. Consequently, there is considerable heterogeneity in response to treatment. Research has elucidated multiple potential of pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to neurodegenerative conditions, among which oxidative stress pathways appear to be suitable drug targets. The oxidative stress pathway has given rise to numerous novel pharmacological therapies that may provide a new avenue for neurodegenerative diseases. For example, SKQ (plastoquinone), MitoVitE, vitamin E, SOD mimic, MitoTEMPO (SOD mimetic), and bioactive molecules like curcumin and vitamin C have indeed been examined. To better understand how oxidative stress contributes to neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's), we analyzed the medicinal qualities of medicines that target markers in the cellular oxidative pathways. The specific pathway by which mitochondrial dysfunction causes neurodegeneration will require more investigation. An animal study should be carried out on medications that tackle cellular redox mechanisms but are not currently licensed for use in the management of neurodegenerative conditions.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors of this research disclose that they have no competing interests in its manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Defining the role of free radicals and antioxidants in cellular oxidative development.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mitochondria (mtROS).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Radical species development.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cellular redox indicators' derivation [27].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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