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. 2022 Jul 25:13:959726.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.959726. eCollection 2022.

Effects of compound small peptides of Chinese medicine on intestinal immunity and cecal intestinal flora in CTX immunosuppressed mice

Yuqing Cui  1 , Lu Zhang  1 , Chunyu Lu  1 , Mengmeng Dou  1 , Yulan Jiao  1   2   3 , Yongzhan Bao  1   4 , Wanyu Shi  1   4
Affiliations

Effects of compound small peptides of Chinese medicine on intestinal immunity and cecal intestinal flora in CTX immunosuppressed mice

Yuqing Cui et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

The study was designed to explore the improvement effect of CSPCM (compound small peptide of Chinese medicine) on intestinal immunity and microflora through the treatment of different doses of CSPCM. A total of 100 male Kunming mice were weighed and divided into five groups, namely, group A (control group), group B (model group), group C (0.1 g/kg·bw CSPCM), group D (0.2 g/kg·bw CSPCM), and group E (0.4 g/kg·bw CSPCM). The use of CTX (cyclophosphamide) caused a series of negative effects: the secretion of IL-2, IL-22, TNF-α, sIgA, length of the villi, and the area of Pey's node were significantly reduced (P < 0.05); the depth of crypt and the percent of CD3+ and CD4+ cells were significantly increased (P < 0.05); the cecal flora taxa decreased; the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus increased; and the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres, Proteobacteria, Mucispirillum, Bacteroides, and Flexisprra decreased. The addition of CSPCM improved the secretion of cytokines and the development of intestinal villi, crypts, and Pey's node. The number of CD3+ and CD4+ cells in groups C, D, and E was significantly higher than that in group B (P < 0.05). Compared with group B, the abundance of Firmicutes in groups C, D, and E was decreased, and the Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres, and Proteobacteria increased. The abundance of Lactobacillus decreased, while that of Mucispirillum, Bacteroides, and Flexisprra increased. It is concluded that cyclophosphamide is extremely destructive to the intestinal area and has a great negative impact on the development of the small intestine, the intestinal immune system, and the intestinal flora. The CSPCM can improve the negative effects of CTX.

Keywords: Chinese medicine; immune; mice; peptide; small intestine.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of CSPCM on the morphological features of the duodenum. (a) Morphological observation of duodenum in group A. (b) Morphological observation of duodenum in group B. (c) Morphological observation of duodenum in group C. (d) Morphological observation of duodenum in group D. (e) Morphological observation of duodenum in group E. (f) Effect of CSPCM on duodenal villus length and crypt depth. *Significant difference with group A (P < 0.05). #Significant difference with group B (P < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of CSPCM on the morphological features of jejunum. (a) Morphological observation of jejunum in group A. (b) Morphological observation of jejunum in group B. (c) Morphological observation of jejunum in group C. (d) Morphological observation of jejunum in group D. (e) Morphological observation of jejunum in group E. (f) Effect of CSPCM on jejunum villus length and crypt depth. *Significant difference with group A (P < 0.05). #Significant difference with group B (P < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of CSPCM on the morphological features of the ileum. (a) Morphological observation of ileum in group A. (b) Morphological observation of ileum in group B. (c) Morphological observation of ileum in group C. (d) Morphological observation of ileum in group D. (e) Morphological observation of ileum in group E. (f) Effect of CSPCM on ileum villus length and crypt depth. *Significant difference with group A (P < 0.05). #Significant difference with group B (P < 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of CSPCM on the morphological features and area analysis of PPS. (a) Morphological observation of duodenum in group A. (b) Morphological observation of PPS in group B. (c) Morphological observation of PPS in group C. (d) Morphological observation of PPS in group D. (e) Morphological observation of PPS in group E. (f) Effects of CSPCM on area analysis of PPS. *Significant difference with group A (P < 0.05). #Significant difference with group B (P < 0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Overall sample sequence length distribution. Note: The abscissa is the length of the sequence, and the ordinate is the number of sequences.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The effect of CSPCM on species differences and marker analysis in mice samples. (A,B) LEfSe analysis of intestinal flora. (C) Heat map of intestinal flora. (D) PCOA analysis of intestinal flora.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Analysis of CSPCM on intestinal flora composition in mice. (A,B) The effect of CSPCM on taxonomic composition in mice samples. (C) Effect of CSPCM on intestinal flora composition at the phylum level. (D) Effect of CSPCM on intestinal flora composition at the genus level.
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