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. 2022 Jul 25:13:953450.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.953450. eCollection 2022.

Comparative transcriptome analysis unveiling reactive oxygen species scavenging system of Sonneratia caseolaris under salinity stress

Yan Zhou  1 , Lizhen Wen  1 , Lixian Liao  1 , Shuangmei Lin  1 , Enting Zheng  1 , Yin Li  1 , Ying Zhang  1
Affiliations

Comparative transcriptome analysis unveiling reactive oxygen species scavenging system of Sonneratia caseolaris under salinity stress

Yan Zhou et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Many mangrove forests have undergone major changes as a result of human activity and global climate change. Sonneratia caseolaris is a common tree located in inner mangroves, and its range extends inland along tidal creeks, as far as the influence of salinity extends. This study investigated the physiological and molecular response mechanisms of S. caseolaris by analyzing its antioxidant defense capacity, including its differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under similar salt stress conditions. Salt treatment significantly affected the osmoprotectants and lipid peroxidation in S. caseolaris seedlings, which increased proline (Pro) content by 31.01-54.90% during all sample periods and decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) content by 12.81 and 18.17% at 25 and 40 days under 3.0% NaCl treatment. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased significantly following 3.0% NaCl treatment. Transcriptome analysis following De novo assembly showed 26,498 matched unigenes. The results showed that 1,263 DEGs responded to transcription factors (TFs) and plant phytohormones and mediated oxidoreductase activity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the control vs. 3.0% NaCl comparison. In addition, the transcription levels of genes associated with auxin and ethylene signal transduction also changed. Under salt stress, ROS scavenging genes (POD, CAT, and APX) and part of AP2, MYB, NAC, C2C2, bHLH, and WRKY TFs were upregulated. This study identified important pathways and candidate genes involved in S. caseolaris salinity tolerance and provided suggestions for further research into the mechanisms of salt tolerance in S. caseolaris.

Keywords: Sonneratia caseolaris; antioxidant; reactive oxygen species; salt stress; transcription factor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Effects of different concentrations of NaCl on electrolyte leakage (A), root activity (B), proline content (C), MDA content (D), and chlorophyll content (E) of S. caseolaris seedlings. Values are means ± SD (n = 3). Values with a different letter within a sampling date are significantly different (P < 0.05).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
(A–C) Effects of 0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% NaCl on antioxidant enzyme activities of S. caseolaris seedlings. Values are means ± SD (n = 3). Values with a different letter within a sampling date are significantly different (P < 0.05).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
GO and COG classification statistics. (A) GO, (B) COG.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
KEGG classification statistics.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Gene co-expression clusters and heatmap analysis of DEGs in S. caseolaris under 3.0% NaCl treatment. (A) Gene number of co-expression clusters and these gene expression patterns, (B) heatmap and GO terms related to clusters of enriched gene co-expression.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
GO enrichment analysis of the DEGs in S. caseolaris under 3.0% NaCl treatment. (A) Upregulated genes, (B) downregulated genes.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Heatmaps of salt stress-responsive genes in S. caseolaris. (A) AP2/ERF and MYB Transcription factors, (B) plant phytohormones and antioxidant activity related genes.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
The molecular mechanism for salinity tolerance of S. caseolaris.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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