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. 2022 Jul 25:13:917301.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917301. eCollection 2022.

Exogenous brassinolide improves the antioxidant capacity of Pinellia ternata by enhancing the enzymatic and nonenzymatic defense systems under non-stress conditions

Chenchen Guo  1 , Ying Chen  1 , Mengyue Wang  1 , Yu Du  1 , Dengyun Wu  1 , Jianzhou Chu  1   2 , Xiaoqin Yao  1   2   3
Affiliations

Exogenous brassinolide improves the antioxidant capacity of Pinellia ternata by enhancing the enzymatic and nonenzymatic defense systems under non-stress conditions

Chenchen Guo et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Brassinolide (BR) improves the antioxidant capacity of plants under various abiotic stresses. However, it is not clear about the effect of BR on the antioxidant capacity in plants under non-stress conditions. In the present study, the antioxidant defense response of Pinellia ternata was to be assessed by applying BR and propiconazole (Pcz) under non-stress conditions. BR treatment enhanced the flavonoid content, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity by 12.31, 30.62, and 25.08% and led to an increase in 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity by 4.31% and a decrease in malondialdehyde content by 1.04%. Exogenous application of BR improved the expression levels of PAL, CHS, CHI, and DFR genes by 3. 18-, 3. 39-, 2. 21-, and 0.87-fold in flavonoid biosynthesis, PGI, PMI, and GME genes by 6. 60-, 1437. 79-, and 3.11-fold in ascorbic acid (ASA), biosynthesis, and γECs and GSHS genes by 6.08- and 2.61-fold in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis pathway, and the expression of these genes were inhibited by Pcz treatment. In addition, BR treatment promoted the ASA-GSH cycle by enhancing the expression of APX, DHAR, and MDHAR genes, which were enhanced by 3. 33-, 157. 85-, and 154.91-fold, respectively. These results provided novel insights into the effect of BR on the antioxidant capacity in bulbil of P. ternata under non-stress conditions and useful knowledge of applying BR to enhance the antioxidant capacity of plants.

Keywords: antioxidant enzyme; ascorbic acid; brassinolide; flavonoid; glutathione.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flavonoid (A), ascorbic acid (B), and glutathione (C) content in bulbil of P. ternata under BR and Pcz treatments. The bars with different letters are significantly different from each treatment (p < 0.05). Values are means of four replicates ± SE.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Superoxide dismutase [SOD (A)], peroxidase [POD (B)], ascorbate peroxidase [APX (C)], and glutathione reductase [GR (D)] activity in bulbil of P. ternata under BR and Pcz treatments. The bars with different letters are significantly different from each treatment (p < 0.05). Values are means of four replicates ± SE.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
DPPH radical scavenging activity (A), and malondialdehyde content [MDA (B)] in bulbil of P. ternata under BR and Pcz treatments. The bars with different letters are significantly different from each treatment (p < 0.05). Values are means of four replicates ± SE.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Functional annotations of the unigenes of P. ternata bulbil transcriptome. (A), GO function annotation. (B), KEGG function annotation.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Identification of differential expression genes (DEGs) among control, BR, and Pcz treatments. (A), scatter diagram of DEGs in control and BR groups. (B), scatter diagram of DEGs in control and Pcz groups.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Enrichment analyses of differential expression genes among control, BR, and Pcz. (A), GO enrichment analyses in control and BR groups. (B), GO enrichment analyses in control and PCZ groups. (C), KEGG enrichment analyses in control and BR groups. (D), KEGG enrichment analyses in control and Pcz groups.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Analysis of differentially expressed levels related to flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in bulbil of P. ternata under BR and Pcz treatments. (A), the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. (B), the expression levels related to the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Blue indicates a lower expression level, whereas red indicates a higher expression level. All the data showed the average mean of three biological replicates.
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8
Analysis of differentially expressed levels related to the ascorbic acid pathway in bulbil of P. ternata under BR and Pcz treatments. (A), the ascorbic acid biosynthetic pathway. (B), the expression levels of genes related to the ascorbic acid biosynthetic pathway. Blue indicates a lower expression level, whereas red indicates a higher expression level. All the data showed the average mean of three biological replicates.
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
Analysis of differentially expressed levels related to glutathione and Ascorbate–Glutathione pathway in bulbil of P. ternata under BR and Pcz treatments. (A), the glutathione biosynthetic pathway. (B), the expression levels of genes related to the glutathione and Ascorbate-Glutathione pathway. (C), the Ascorbate–Glutathione pathway. Blue indicates a lower expression level, whereas red indicates a higher expression level. All the data showed the average mean of three biological replicates.
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