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Review
. 2022 Jul 25:13:931275.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931275. eCollection 2022.

Integrated omics approaches for flax improvement under abiotic and biotic stress: Current status and future prospects

Bindu Yadav  1 , Vikender Kaur  1 , Om Prakash Narayan  2 , Shashank Kumar Yadav  1 , Ashok Kumar  1 , Dhammaprakash Pandhari Wankhede  3
Affiliations
Review

Integrated omics approaches for flax improvement under abiotic and biotic stress: Current status and future prospects

Bindu Yadav et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) or linseed is one of the important industrial crops grown all over the world for seed oil and fiber. Besides oil and fiber, flax offers a wide range of nutritional and therapeutic applications as a feed and food source owing to high amount of α-linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid), lignans, protein, minerals, and vitamins. Periodic losses caused by unpredictable environmental stresses such as drought, heat, salinity-alkalinity, and diseases pose a threat to meet the rising market demand. Furthermore, these abiotic and biotic stressors have a negative impact on biological diversity and quality of oil/fiber. Therefore, understanding the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in stress tolerance mechanism and identification of underlying genes for economically important traits is critical for flax improvement and sustainability. In recent technological era, numerous omics techniques such as genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, phenomics, and ionomics have evolved. The advancements in sequencing technologies accelerated development of genomic resources which facilitated finer genetic mapping, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection in major cereal and oilseed crops including flax. Extensive studies in the area of genomics and transcriptomics have been conducted post flax genome sequencing. Interestingly, research has been focused more for abiotic stresses tolerance compared to disease resistance in flax through transcriptomics, while the other areas of omics such as metabolomics, proteomics, ionomics, and phenomics are in the initial stages in flax and several key questions remain unanswered. Little has been explored in the integration of omic-scale data to explain complex genetic, physiological and biochemical basis of stress tolerance in flax. In this review, the current status of various omics approaches for elucidation of molecular pathways underlying abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in flax have been presented and the importance of integrated omics technologies in future research and breeding have been emphasized to ensure sustainable yield in challenging environments.

Keywords: abiotic and biotic stress; climate change; flax; fungal diseases; linseed; omics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Trends in global production of linseed and flax fiber in past decade. (B) Flaxseed production in top 10 countries in the world.
Figure 2
Figure 2
An overview of integration of different omics approaches for flax improvement under various abiotic and biotic stresses.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Genomics enabled strategies for flax improvement in response to adverse climatic conditions and pathogenic invasion.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A comprehensive overview of proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis under different stresses.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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