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. 2022 Jul 22:9:889303.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.889303. eCollection 2022.

Fried food consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer: A large prospective multicenter study

Guo-Chao Zhong  1 , Qian Zhu  2 , Jian-Ping Gong  1 , Dong Cai  1 , Jie-Jun Hu  1 , Xin Dai  1 , Jun-Hua Gong  1
Affiliations

Fried food consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer: A large prospective multicenter study

Guo-Chao Zhong et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Background and aims: Whether fried food consumption is associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer remains elusive. We aimed to examine this association in a US population.

Methods: A population-based cohort of 101,729 US adults was identified. Fried food consumption was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Explanatory analyses were conducted to identify main contributor(s) to the observed association.

Results: During an average follow-up of 8.86 years (900871.2 person-years), 402 pancreatic cancer cases occurred. High consumption of total fried foods (deep-fried plus pan-fried foods; HRquartile4 vs. 1 0.71, 95% CI 0.51-0.99, P trend = 0.047) and deep-fried foods (HRquartile 4 vs. 1 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.88, P trend = 0.011), but not pan-fried foods (HRquartile 4 vs. 1 0.98, 95% CI 0.73-1.32; P trend = 0.815), was found to be associated with a reduced risk of pancreatic cancer in a non-linear dose-response manner, which was not modified by predefined stratification factors and persisted in sensitivity analyses. In explanatory analyses, only chip consumption was found to be inversely associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer; consistently, the initial significant associations between total fried food and deep-fried food consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer changed to be non-significant after omitting or further adjusting for chip consumption.

Conclusion: Consumption of deep-fried foods, but not pan-fried foods, is inversely associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer in this US population. The role of deep-fried foods in reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer appears to be mainly attributable to chips. More studies are needed to confirm our findings in other populations and settings.

Keywords: chips; fried foods; nutritional epidemiology; pancreatic cancer; prospective study.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow chart identifying participants included in this study. PLCO, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian; DHQ, diet history questionnaire.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The timeline and follow-up scheme of our study.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Dose–response analyses on the associations of energy-adjusted consumption of (A) total fried foods, (B) deep-fried foods, and (C) pan-fried foods with the risk of pancreatic cancer, with the reference level set at 0 g/day. Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI, aspirin use, history of diabetes, family history of pancreatic cancer, and energy intake from diet. The P for non-linearity were 0.043 for total fried food consumption, 0.013 for deep-fried food consumption, and 0.900 for pan-fried food consumption.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Proportion (%) of each fried food in total fried food consumption in our study population.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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