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. 2022 Aug 6:16:11779322221115535.
doi: 10.1177/11779322221115535. eCollection 2022.

Functional Annotation of Hypothetical Proteins From the Enterobacter cloacae B13 Strain and Its Association With Pathogenicity

Supantha Dey  1 , Sazzad Shahrear  1 , Maliha Afroj Zinnia  2 , Ahnaf Tajwar  1 , Abul Bashar Mir Md Khademul Islam  1
Affiliations

Functional Annotation of Hypothetical Proteins From the Enterobacter cloacae B13 Strain and Its Association With Pathogenicity

Supantha Dey et al. Bioinform Biol Insights. .

Abstract

Enterobacter cloacae B13 strain is a rod-shaped gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. It can cause respiratory and urinary tract infections, and is responsible for several outbreaks in hospitals. E. cloacae has become an important pathogen and an emerging global threat because of its opportunistic and multidrug resistant ability. However, little knowledge is present about a large portion of its proteins and functions. Therefore, functional annotation of the hypothetical proteins (HPs) can provide an improved understanding of this organism and its virulence activity. The workflow in the study included several bioinformatic tools which were utilized to characterize functions, family and domains, subcellular localization, physiochemical properties, and protein-protein interactions. The E. cloacae B13 strain has overall 604 HPs, among which 78 were functionally annotated with high confidence. Several proteins were identified as enzymes, regulatory, binding, and transmembrane proteins with essential functions. Furthermore, 23 HPs were predicted to be virulent factors. These virulent proteins are linked to pathogenesis with their contribution to biofilm formation, quorum sensing, 2-component signal transduction or secretion. Better knowledge about the HPs' characteristics and functions will provide a greater overview of the proteome. Moreover, it will help against E. cloacae in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) outbreaks and nosocomial infections.

Keywords: Enterobacter cloacae; functional annotation; hypothetical proteins; virulence factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Methodology overview flowchart for the functional annotation and analysis of E. cloacae B13 strain hypothetical proteins (HP).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
GO categories distribution of the HPs from E. cloacae B13 strain. The figure shows the detailed categories, number and percentage of proteins in (A) molecular functions (B) cellular components (C) biological processes. GO indicates Gene Ontology; HP, hypothetical proteins.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Protein-protein interaction network of protein TOZ43300.1, which is a diguanylate cyclase.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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