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. 2022 Aug 5:15:1677-1688.
doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S371203. eCollection 2022.

Hormonal Contraception Use and Depression Among Women in Saudi Arabia

Ibrahim Albawardi  1 , Abdullah H Alqahtani  1 , Dana A Aljamea  2 , Sara A Aljaafari  2 , Fajar A Aldulijan  2 , Seereen R Almuhaidib  2 , Mohamed Elamin  3 , Nourah H Al Qahtani  4
Affiliations

Hormonal Contraception Use and Depression Among Women in Saudi Arabia

Ibrahim Albawardi et al. J Multidiscip Healthc. .

Abstract

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of depression amongst hormonal and non-hormonal contraception users, and the risk factors associated with depression in the sample.

Patients and methods: This is a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from October to November 2021, covering all regions of Saudi Arabia. All participants were women, living in Saudi Arabia, ≥21 years old and ≤45 years old, using a contraceptive method, and with no established history of depression.

Results: A total of 4853 out of 18,596 met our criteria and were included in this study. Among all sample groups, 29% had moderate to severe depression. Rates of depression and association studies' results in women using hormonal were higher than those who use non-hormonal birth control methods. Psychiatric disorders, medical illnesses, substance use and depressogenic medication use were all associated with depression in both hormonal and non-hormonal contraception users.

Conclusion: The current study shows high prevalence of depression amongst hormonal contraceptive users compared to non-hormonal contraceptive users.

Keywords: depression; hormonal contraception; non-hormonal contraception; psychiatric disorders.

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Conflict of interest statement

Our study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and the authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Types of contraception.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Depression provenance.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Types of contraception and depression.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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