Is the Choroid Plexus Needed?

Abstract

Background: Choroid plexectomy was first performed around 1910. Later, the technique evolved into subtotal choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) but was largely abandoned following the invention of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Over time, with improved understanding of the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus and improvement in endoscopic techniques and equipment, the procedure of CPC was reintroduced. However, little is known about the biomolecular consequences of ablation of a significant portion of the choroid plexus on metabolic brain homeostasis, neurogenesis, and neuroimmunology.

Summary: The physiological functions of choroid plexus in neurogenesis and neuroimmunology and its role in diseases, such as AD and MS, should alert to possible as yet to be determined consequences. Studies, both in children and in adults, are needed not only on the success in hydrodynamic stabilization of hydrocephalus but also on the long-term outcome, especially premature neurodegeneration and inflammatory changes and on compensatory metabolic mechanisms.

Key messages: The value of CPC for treatment of hydrocephalus in medically underserved areas should be remembered, yet when alternative treatment options are available, we cannot responsibly advocate against or for the use of CPC. Therefore, perhaps a more detailed discussion of risks and benefits of a CPC with parents would be best to include the possible implications in brain development and function.

Keywords: Choroid plexus; Choroid plexus cauterization; Hydrocephalus; Ventriculoperitoneal shunt.