A comprehensive review on strategic study of cellulase producing marine actinobacteria for biofuel applications

Abstract

Every year, 180 billion tonnes of cellulose are produced by plants as waste biomass after the cultivation of the desired product. One of the smart and effective ways to utilize this biomass rather than burn it is to utilize the biomass to adequately meet the energy needs with the help of microbial cellulase that can catalytically convert the cellulose into simple sugar units. Marine actinobacteria is one of the plentiful gram-positive bacteria known for its industrial application as it can produce multienzyme cellulase with high thermal tolerance, pH stability and high resistant towards metal ions and salt concentration, along with other antimicrobial properties. Highly stable cellulase obtained from marine actinobacteria will convert the cellulose biomass into glucose, which is the precursor for biofuel production. This review will provide a comprehensive outlook of various strategic applications of cellulase from marine actinobacteria which can facilitate the breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass to bioenergy with respect to its characteristics based on the location/environment that the organism was collected and its screening strategies followed by adopted methodologies to mine the novel cellulase genome and enhance the production, thereby increasing the activity of cellulase continued by effective immobilization on novel substrates for the multiple usage of cellulase along with the industrial applications.

Keywords: Biofuel; Cellulase; Genetic engineering; Genomic mining; Lignocellulosic biomass; Marine actinobacteria.