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Review
. 2022 Aug 12;22(1):1535.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13878-3.

Towards an integrated surveillance of zoonotic diseases in Burkina Faso: the case of anthrax

Sougrenoma Désiré Nana  1   2 , Jean-Hugues Caffin  3 , Raphaël Duboz  1   4   5   6 , Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux  7 , Aurélie Binot  1   2 , Potiandi Serge Diagbouga  8   9 , Pascal Hendrikx  10 , Marion Bordier  11   12   13
Affiliations
Review

Towards an integrated surveillance of zoonotic diseases in Burkina Faso: the case of anthrax

Sougrenoma Désiré Nana et al. BMC Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Anthrax is a zoonotic disease that causes frequent outbreaks in livestock and fatal human cases in Burkina Faso. Effective surveillance of this disease calls for the establishment of an integrated surveillance system, in line with the One Health concept. However, despite a strong technical and financial support from international partners, surveillance is still poorly conducted within an integrated approach. Based on stakeholder perspectives, the study has for objective to deepen our understanding of the anthrax surveillance system and to identify the obstacles and levers towards a more integrated approach to anthrax surveillance in Burkina Faso.

Methods: The data was collected from a literature review and interviews with surveillance stakeholders. We first conducted a qualitative descriptive analysis of the data to characterize the surveillance system (programmes, actors, collaboration). In a second step, we conducted a thematic analysis of the informants' discourse in order to identify what represents an obstacle or, conversely, a lever for a more integrated approach to anthrax surveillance.

Results: The surveillance system of anthrax in Burkina Faso includes three programmes (in the livestock, wildlife and human sectors), which involves 30 actors. These sectoral programmes operate almost independently from one another, although some collaborations are existing for the governance and implementation of surveillance activities. Analysis of the discourse of key stakeholders led to the identification of four categories of factors that may influence the implementation of an integrated surveillance system in the country: knowledge; technical, organizational and social capacities; motivation; intersectoral governance.

Conclusions: This study highlights the difficulty of translating One Health governance to the national level and the need to better articulate the visions of all categories of stakeholders. This study also reveals the need to develop specific evaluation systems for integrated policies in order to provide credible evidence of their added value for a better management of zoonotic diseases. Finally, our study underlines the need to act upstream the emergence of zoonoses and allocate more resources to the prevention of zoonoses than to their control.

Keywords: Anthrax; Governance; Integrated; One Health; Surveillance; Zoonoses.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The governance framework of surveillance for zoonotic diseases in Burkina Faso
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Actors of the surveillance system for anthrax in Burkina Faso: role and interactions
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Collaboration between sectoral surveillance programmes for anthrax in Burkina Faso
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Obstacles to and levers for an integrated surveillance system of anthrax in Burkina Faso
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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