Severe mental illness, common mental disorders, and neurodevelopmental conditions amongst 9088 lower court attendees in London, UK

Eddie Chaplin¹, Jane McCarthy², Salma Ali³, Karina Marshall-Tate^{3

4}, Kiriakos Xenitidis⁴, Denise Harvey³, Jessica Childs^{3

5}, Samir Srivastava⁴, Iain McKinnon⁶, Louise Robinson⁷, Clare S Allely^{8

9

10}, Sally Hardy¹¹, Barry Tolchard¹², Andrew Forrester¹³

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK. chapline@lsbu.ac.uk.
² University of Auckland, New Zealand & Visiting Senior Lecturer, King's College London, London, UK.
³ Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK.
⁴ , South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
⁵ , Together for Mental Wellbeing, London, UK.
⁶ Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
⁷ Manchester University, Manchester, UK.
⁸ Reader in Forensic Psychology at the University of Salford, Manchester, UK.
⁹ Affiliate member of the Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
¹⁰ Honorary Research Fellow in the College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences affiliated to the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
¹¹ University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
¹² Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
¹³ Forensic Psychiatry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

PMID: 35962427
PMCID: PMC9373383
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04150-4

Severe mental illness, common mental disorders, and neurodevelopmental conditions amongst 9088 lower court attendees in London, UK

Eddie Chaplin et al. BMC Psychiatry. 2022.

. 2022 Aug 12;22(1):551.

doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04150-4.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK. chapline@lsbu.ac.uk.
² University of Auckland, New Zealand & Visiting Senior Lecturer, King's College London, London, UK.
³ Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK.
⁴ , South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
⁵ , Together for Mental Wellbeing, London, UK.
⁶ Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
⁷ Manchester University, Manchester, UK.
⁸ Reader in Forensic Psychology at the University of Salford, Manchester, UK.
⁹ Affiliate member of the Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
¹⁰ Honorary Research Fellow in the College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences affiliated to the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
¹¹ University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
¹² Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
¹³ Forensic Psychiatry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

PMID: 35962427
PMCID: PMC9373383
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04150-4

Abstract

Background: Court Mental Health Liaison and Diversion Services (CMHLDS) have developed in some countries as a response to the over-representation of mental illness and other vulnerabilities amongst defendants presenting to criminal justice (or correctional) systems. This study examined the characteristics and rates of mental disorder of 9088 defendants referred to CMHLDS.

Method: The study analysed service level data, obtained from the National Health Service's mental health data set, to examine characteristics relating to gender, ethnicity and comorbidity of common mental and neurodevelopmental disorders at five CMHLDS across London between September 2015 and April 2017.

Results: The sample included 7186 males (79.1%) and 1719 females (18.9%), the gender of 183 (2%) were not recorded. Of those referred, 6616 (72.8%) presented with an identifiable mental disorder and 503 (5.5%) with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). Significantly higher rates of schizophrenia were reported amongst Black defendants (n = 681; 37.2%) and Asian defendants (n = 315; 29%), while higher rates of depression were found amongst White defendants (n = 1007; 22.1%). Substance misuse was reported amongst 2813 defendants (31%), and alcohol misuse amongst 2111 (23.2%), with significantly high rates of substance and alcohol misuse amongst defendants presenting with schizophrenia or personality disorder.

Conclusions: This is one of the largest studies to examine mental health needs and vulnerabilities amongst defendants presenting to CMHLDS. It will enable an improved understanding of the required service designs and resources required to manage the healthcare pathways for people attending CMHLDS.

Keywords: Alcohol and substance use; Court liaison and diversion; Criminal Justice; Mental disorder; Mental health; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Screening.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interests.

References

1. Chaplin E, McCarthy J, Marshall-Tate K, Ali S, Xenitidis K, Childs J, et al. Evaluation of a liaison and diversion Court Mental Health Service for defendants with neurodevelopmental disorders. Res Dev Disabil. 2021;119:104103. 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104103. Epub 2021 Oct 7. PMID: 34628339. - PubMed
1. Disley E, Taylor C, Kruithof K, Winpenny E, Liddle M, Sutherland A, Lilford R, Wright S, McAteer L, Francis V. Evaluation of the offender liaison and diversion trial schemes. London: RAND; 2016.
1. Earl F, Cocksedge K, Morgan J, Bolt M. Evaluating liaison and diversion schemes: an analysis of health, criminal and economic data. J Forensic Psychiatry Psychol. 2017;28(4):562–580. doi: 10.1080/14789949.2017.1308539. - DOI
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Severe mental illness, common mental disorders, and neurodevelopmental conditions amongst 9088 lower court attendees in London, UK

Affiliations

Severe mental illness, common mental disorders, and neurodevelopmental conditions amongst 9088 lower court attendees in London, UK

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous