Conflicts of interest

These authors disclose the following: L. Baidoo has served as a consultant for Pfizer, Janssen, Shire, and Takeda, and as speaker for Janssen, Shire, and Takeda. B. Bressler has served as an advisor/speaker for Pfizer, Merck, Ferring, Janssen, AbbVie, Takeda, Celgene, Genentech, and Novartis; served as an advisor/consultant to Amgen, Allergan, AMT, Fresenius Kabi, Gilead, Protagonist, Sandoz, Alimentiv, Iterative Scopes, Mylan, and BMS; received research support from Janssen, AbbVie, Takeda, Atlantic Pharmaceuticals, GSK, BMS, Amgen, Genentech, Merck, RedHill Biopharma, BI, Qu Biologics, Celgene, and Alvine; and had stock options in Qu Biologics. A.S. Cheifetz has served as a consultant for Janssen, AbbVie, Protagonist, Spherix, Artizan, Food is Good, Clario, Artugen, Procise, Prometheus, Equillium, Samsung, Arena, Grifols, Bacainn, and BMS. J.-F. Colombel has received research grants from AbbVie, Janssen, and Takeda; payments for lectures from Abbvie, Amgen, Allergan, Ferring, Shire, and Takeda; consulting fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Arena, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Ferring, Galmed Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Geneva, Iterative Scopes, Janssen, Kaleido, Landos, Otsuka, Pfizer, Prometheus, Sanofi, Takeda, and TiGenix; and holds stock options in Intestinal Biotech Development. P. Deepak has served as a consultant or on an advisory board for Janssen, Pfizer, Prometheus Biosciences, Boehringer Ingelheim, AbbVie, Arena and Scipher, and received support from Takeda and Arena. S. Devlin has served as a speaker or consultant for AbbVie, Janssen, Takeda, Fresenius-Kabi, and Pfizer. P. M. Irving has served as a speaker or a consultant for AbbVie, Arena, Celgene, Ferring, Prometheus, Shire, Warner Chilcott, Takeda, MSD, Vifor Pharma, Pharmacosmos, Topivert, Gilead, Galapagos, BMS, Genentech, Hospira, Samsung Bioepis, VH2, Janssen, Sandoz, and Lilly, Roche; and received research support from MSD, Pfizer, and Takeda. N. Krugliak Cleveland has served as a consultant for Takeda and Arena pharmaceuticals, and received a speaker fee from BMS. G. Y. Melmed has served as a consultant to AbbVie, Arena, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Meyer Squibb/Celgene, Entasis, Janssen, Medtronic, Pfizer, Samsung Bioepis, Shionogi, Takeda, and TechLab, and received research funding from Pfizer. L. E. Raffals has served on the advisory board for Ferring Pharmaceuticals with all honoraria paid to Mayo Clinic and is a consultant for Alivio Therapeutics. F. Rieder has served on the advisory board for Allergan, AbbVie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Celgene, Gilead, Gossamer, Pfizer, Prometheus Therapeutics, Receptos, Samsung, Takeda, Techlab, and UCB; as a consultant for Allergan, AbbVie, Agomab, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Celgene, Falk Pharma, Galapagos, Galmed, Gossamer, Gilead, Genentech, Helmsley, Janssen, Koutif, Mestag, Morphic, Origo, Pfizer, Pliant, Prometheus Therapeutics, Receptos, RedX, Samsung, Surrozzen, Takeda, Theravance, Thetis, UCB, and 89Bio; and received research support from Helmsley Charitable Trust, Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, ECCO, Genentech, German Research Foundation, Pliant, Morphic, Celgene, UCB, Kenneth Rainin Foundation, and National Institutes of Health. D. T. Rubin has received grant support from Takeda and served as a consultant for AbbVie, Altrubio, Allergan, Arena, Bellatrix, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Celgene/Syneos, Galen/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, Gilead, InDex, Ironwood, Iterative Scopes, Janssen, Lilly, Materia Prima, Pfizer, Prometheus, Reistone, Takeda, and Techlab. C. A. Siegel has served as a consultant to AbbVie, BMS, Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer, Prometheus, Takeda, and Trellus Health; as a speaker for CME activities for AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer, and Takeda; and received grant support from AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer, and Takeda. M. P. Sparrow has received educational grants or research support from Ferring, Orphan, and Gilead; received speaker’s fees from Janssen, AbbVie, Ferring, Takeda, Pfizer, and Shire; and served on advisory boards for Janssen, Takeda, Pfizer, Celgene, AbbVie, MSD, Emerge Health, and Gilead. J. Torres has received speaker fees from Janssen and Galapagos; received advisory board fees from Janssen, Pfizer, and Galapagos; and received research support from Janssen and AbbVie. T. Ullman has received consultant fee from Pfizer. The remaining author discloses no conflicts.