A randomized open-labeled study to examine the effects of creatine monohydrate and combined training on jump and scoring performance in young basketball players

Abstract

Background: Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has been shown to be an effective and safe nutritional supplement to improve performance; however, the impact of CrM supplementation in young basketball players is less clear. This study evaluated the effects of CrM supplementation during a strength and conditioning training (SCT) program on lower-limb strength parameters and performance in under-16 (U16) basketball players.

Methods: Twenty-three male U16 basketball players participated in this study (14.3 ± 0.4 years; BMI: 20.7 ± 2.2 kg∙m^-2). The players were randomly assigned to either a CrM group (n = 12) that ingested 0.1 g·kg^-1·day^-1 of CrM or to a non-supplemented control group (n = 11, CON). The athletes participated in an 8-week SCT program consisting of two lower-limb resistance-training sessions and two plyometric sessions per week. Squat jump (SJ), drop jump (DP), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Abalakov (ABK) jump power tests as well as basketball performance (points and minutes per game) were measured before, during and/or after the intervention. Data were analyzed using a general linear model with repeated measures with independent Student's t-test pairwise comparisons.

Results: The results (95% confidence interval for mean change from baseline) show that there were significant differences for all variables for CrM and CON, respectively: SJ (cm): 2.6 - 6.4, P < 0.01 and 2.2-5.1 P < 0.01; DJ (cm): 2.5-5.6, P < 0.01, and 1.8-4.4, P < 0.01; CMJ (cm): 0.3-0.8, P < 0.01, and 0.2-0.5, P < 0.01; ABK (cm): 2.8-5.5, P < 0.01 and 0.7-2.6, P = 0.003. A significant group x time interaction (p = 0.003, η_p ² = 0.342) was observed in ABK performance. No significant group x time effects were seen in squat jump (p = 0.449, η_p ² = 0.028), drop jump (p = 0.143, η_p ² = 0.099), or counter movement jump (p = 0.304, η_p ² = 0.05). A significant interaction effect was also observed in points per game (p = 0.049, η_p ² = 0.149), while a non-significant but medium effect was seen in minutes per game (p = 0.166, η_p ² = 0.094).

Conclusions: CrM supplementation in conjunction with resistance and plyometric training increased the lower-limb ABK power and scoring performance in U16 basketball players.

Keywords: Resistance training; adolescents; dietary supplements; physical fitness; power.

Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the study design. ABK, Abalakov test; CMJ, countermovement jump; CrM, creatine monohydrate; DJ, drop jump; F&R, familiarization and randomization; PPG, points per game; MPG, minutes per game; RT, resistance training; SJ, squat jump.

Figure 2.

Organization of the strength training protocol.

Figure 3.

CONSORT flow diagram.

Figure 4.

Results of the change (posttest – pretest) of the jump variables of the Creatine (CrM) and Control (Con) Groups. Both groups are plotted on the left axes; the mean difference is plotted on a floating axes on the right as a bootstrap sampling distribution. The mean difference is depicted as a dot; the 95% confidence interval is indicated by the ends of the vertical error bar. SJ, jump squat; CMJ, countermovement jump, DP, drop jump, ABK, Abalakov jump.

Figure 5.

Points per game (PPG) and minutes per game (MPG) before, during and after the intervention (average of the records in 6 games in each stage). The bar indicates the 95% confidence interval.