Shoulder Arthroscopy - Creating an Affordable Training Model

Abstract

The present study created a cheap (below US$ 100) shoulder arthroscopy training model, affordable for the practical education of medical students and residents. The model was created using a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) knee joint pipe (150 mm in diameter and 90 degrees in inclination) and a synthetic shoulder model. The parts were arranged to simulate a lateral recumbency with the upper limb in traction, which is the frequent positioning during arthroscopies. Colored dots on the glenoid and a partial rotator cuff model on the upper portion of the scapula were placed to assist training. This inexpensive, easy-to-make model for shoulder arthroscopy can aid surgical training.

Keywords: arthroscopy; education, medical; low-cost; shoulder; simulation.

Fig. 1

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) knee joint pipe; ( B ) connecting tube; ( C ) and ( D ) closing cap.

Fig. 2

( A ) Humeral fixation at the cap; ( B ) section of the scapula, hole for fixation and fixation point at the external structure; ( C ) clavicle section; ( D ) internal assembly.

Fig. 3

( A ) Folded tape fixated at the scapula (simulating the supraspinatus tendon); ( B ) cuff handling hole and tape reference line; ( C ) glenoid landmarks for triangulation.

Fig. 4

Arthroscopic portals: posterior (for visualization), lateral and anterior (for tissue manipulation and triangulation).

Fig. 5

( A ) Complete shoulder arthroscopy training model; ( B ) model in use with arthroscope; ( C ) triangulation exercise with a probe in lateral recumbency position; ( D ) tissue manipulation exercise by elastic (supraspinatus) traction in the beach chair position.

Fig. 1

( A ) cano de PVC joelho; ( B ) tubo de conexão; ( C ) e ( D ) tampa de fechamento.

Fig. 2

( A ) fixação do úmero na tampa; ( B ) corte da escápula, furo para fixação e ponto de fixação na estrutura externa; ( C ) clavícula cortada; ( D ) montagem interna.

Fig. 3

( A ) fita dobrada e fixada na escápula (simulando o tendão supraespinhal); ( B ) orifício de manipulação do manguito e linha de referência da fita; ( C ) pontos de referência da glenóide para triangulação.

Fig. 4

Portais artroscópicos: posterior (de visualização), lateral e anterior (para manipulação dos tecidos e triangulação).

Fig. 5

( A ) Modelo de treinamento em artroscopia de ombro pronto; ( B ) modelo em uso com artroscópio; ( C ) exercício de triangulação com “ probe ” em decúbito lateral; ( D ) exercício de manipulação de tecido por tração do elástico (supraespinhal) em cadeira de praia.