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Review
. 2022 Jul 28;7(31):26993-27003.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00737. eCollection 2022 Aug 9.

Engineering the ZIF-8 Pore for Electrochemical Sensor Applications-A Mini Review

Anirban Paul  1 , Ivneet Kaur Banga  1 , Sriram Muthukumar  2   3 , Shalini Prasad  1
Affiliations
Review

Engineering the ZIF-8 Pore for Electrochemical Sensor Applications-A Mini Review

Anirban Paul et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Zinc imidazole framework-8, abbreviated as ZIF-8, is a member of the metal organic framework (MOF) family. The chemical architecture of ZIF-8 consists of zinc metal duly coordinated with an organic ligand/fragment, resulting in a cagelike three-dimensional network with unique porosity. Because of such a unique architecture and physicochemical property, ZIF-8 has recently been explored in various applications such as gas storage, catalysis, electrochemical sensing, drug delivery, etc. Electrochemical sensors are currently a hot topic in scientific advances, where small, portable, Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled devices powered by electrochemical output show a newer path toward chemo and biosensor applications. The unique electrochemical property of ZIF-8 is hence explored widely for possible electrochemical sensor applications. The application and synthesis of the bare ZIF-8 have been widely reported for more than a decade. However, new scientific advancements depict tailoring the bare ZIF-8 structure to achieve smart hybrid ZIF-8 materials that show more advanced properties compared to bare ZIF-8. The framework is formed by joining inorganic (metal-containing) units with organic linkers by reticular synthesis, which results in the formation of a cross-linked crystalline network with permanent porosity. This unique porosity of ZIF-8 has recently been utilized for the encapsulation of suitable guest species to enhance the native physicochemical activity of ZIF-8. These engineered ZIF-8 materials show excellent results, especially for electrochemical sensing application. This review is intended to describe the research, including the one done by our group, where the ZIF-8 pore size is used for encapsulating nanoparticles, enzymes, and organic compounds to avail suitable sensor applications.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): S.P. and S.M. have a significant interest in EnLiSense LLC, a company that may have a commercial interest in the results of this research and technology. The potential individual conflict of interest has been reviewed and managed by The University of Texas at Dallas and played no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the report for publication.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Illustration of the ZIF-8 structure and its application in gas storage, chemical separation, sensing, and drug delivery.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic illustration of the AuNP-encapsulated ZIF-8-based electrochemical dopamine sensor.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic diagram of tuning the C3H6/C3H8 adsorption selectivity of ZIF-8 via compression-induced amorphization.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic illustration of the synthetic route to prepare bare ZIF-8 and encapsulated ZIF-8.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Graphical illustration of utilizing the pore size of pristine ZIF-8 by encapsulating a Ni–Pd nanoparticle along with a GOx enzyme for electrochemical tandem glucose sensor application.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Graphical illustration of caffeine-encapsulated ZIF-8 showing one-step in situ encapsulation.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Schematic illustration of various commonly used electrochemical transducers, categorized in two types, conducting and semiconducting, especially for electrochemical sensor applications.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Synthesis scheme of the in situ encapsulation of glucose oxidase and gold nanoparticles encapsulated into the ZIF-8 matrix, which was utilized as a selective probe in an electrochemical glucose sensor.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Illustration of the ferrocene-encapsulated ZIF-8 (ZeNose), thoroughly characterized by physicochemical techniques, having rhombohedral morphology, employed for the detection of trace levels of ammonia, and duly correlated for breath biomarkers for chronic kidney disease.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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