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. 2022 May 26;44(4):340-350.
doi: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.05.003. eCollection 2022 Jul.

Recent advances on phylogenomics of gymnosperms and a new classification

Yong Yang  1 , David Kay Ferguson  2 , Bing Liu  3   4 , Kang-Shan Mao  5 , Lian-Ming Gao  6   7 , Shou-Zhou Zhang  8 , Tao Wan  8 , Keith Rushforth  9 , Zhi-Xiang Zhang  10
Affiliations

Recent advances on phylogenomics of gymnosperms and a new classification

Yong Yang et al. Plant Divers. .

Abstract

Living gymnosperms comprise four major groups: cycads, Ginkgo, conifers, and gnetophytes. Relationships among/within these lineages have not been fully resolved. Next generation sequencing has made available a large number of sequences, including both plastomes and single-copy nuclear genes, for reconstruction of solid phylogenetic trees. Recent advances in gymnosperm phylogenomic studies have updated our knowledge of gymnosperm systematics. Here, we review major advances of gymnosperm phylogeny over the past 10 years and propose an updated classification of extant gymnosperms. This new classification includes three classes (Cycadopsida, Ginkgoopsida, and Pinopsida), five subclasses (Cycadidae, Ginkgoidae, Cupressidae, Pinidae, and Gnetidae), eight orders (Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Araucariales, Cupressales, Pinales, Ephedrales, Gnetales, and Welwitschiales), 13 families, and 86 genera. We also described six new tribes including Acmopyleae Y. Yang, Austrocedreae Y. Yang, Chamaecyparideae Y. Yang, Microcachrydeae Y. Yang, Papuacedreae Y. Yang, and Prumnopityeae Y. Yang, and made 27 new combinations in the genus Sabina.

Keywords: Classification; Gymnosperms; Morphology; New tribe; Phylogenomics; Taxonomy.

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Conflict of interest statement

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cladogram displaying phylogenetic relationships among extant gymnosperms. Clade color indicates subclasses. Relationships are basically according to recent gymnosperm phylogenies (Lu et al., 2014; Ran et al., 2018a; Stull et al., 2021), Cupressaceae (Mao et al., 2010, 2012, 2019), Cycadales (Condamine et al., 2015), Pinaceae (Ran et al., 2018b), Podocarpaceae (Chen et al., 2022).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Distribution of the three new tribes of Podocarpaceae. Pink: Acmopyleae Y. Yang, trib. nov.; Blue: Microcachrydeae Y. Yang, trib. nov.; Orange: Prumnopityeae Y. Yang, trib. nov.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Distribution map of the three new tribes of Cupressaceae. Pink: Austrocedreae Y. Yang, trib. nov.; Orange Chamaecyparideae Y. Yang, trib. nov.; Blue: Papuacedreae Y. Yang, trib. nov.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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