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. 2022 Jul 29:10:974049.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.974049. eCollection 2022.

Stability of novel urinary biomarkers used for lupus nephritis

Ellen M Cody  1 , James E Rose  1 , Bin Huang  1   2   3 , Tingting Qiu  1   2 , Hermine I Brunner  1   3   4 , Prasad Devarajan  1   3
Affiliations

Stability of novel urinary biomarkers used for lupus nephritis

Ellen M Cody et al. Front Pediatr. .

Abstract

Background: The Renal Activity Index for Lupus (RAIL) is a composite score of six urinary biomarkers (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), ceruloplasmin, adiponectin, and hemopexin) used to monitor lupus nephritis activity in children. We tested stability of RAIL biomarkers prior to meaningful clinical use.

Methods: Urine samples were tested by ELISA under shipping conditions, freeze/thaw, ambient and longer-term storage. Statistical analysis was performed via Deming Regression, Bland-Altman and Spearman Correlation Coefficient.

Results: Biomarker concentration were comparable to freshly collected urine following storage at -80 °C for up to 3 months, and at 4 or 25 °C up to 48 h followed by -80 °C. Neither shipping on dry or wet ice exposure nor addition of two freeze-thaw cycles led to loss of signal, with excellent Spearman Correlation coefficients under all conditions.

Conclusions: RAIL biomarkers are stable following short-term storage at clinically relevant conditions.

Keywords: SLE; biomarker; lupus nephritis; stability; urine.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author PD is a co-inventor on submitted patents for the use of NGAL as a biomarker of kidney disease. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the 10 experimental conditions per urine sample. Image made with BioRender.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Adiponectin Bland-Altman charts by experimental condition. Image made with BioRender.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Ceruloplasmin Bland-Altman charts by experimental condition. Image made with BioRender.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Hemopexin Bland-Altman charts by experimental condition. Image made with BioRender.
Figure 5
Figure 5
MCP-1 Bland-Altman charts by experimental condition. Image made with BioRender.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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