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. 2022 Apr-Jun;26(2):166-172.
doi: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_402_20. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Role of S100 A7 as a diagnostic biomarker in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer

Anubhuti Sood  1 , Deepika Mishra  1 , Om Prakash Kharbanda  2 , Shyam S Chauhan  3 , Siddharth Datta Gupta  1 , Suryanarayana S V Deo  4 , Rahul Yadav  5 , Ranju Ralhan  6 , Ramniwas Kumawat  1 , Harpreet Kaur  1
Affiliations

Role of S100 A7 as a diagnostic biomarker in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer

Anubhuti Sood et al. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2022 Apr-Jun.

Abstract

Background: S100 proteins have been implicated in the tumorigenesis of different human cancers and in oral dysplasia, as they are keratinocytes.

Materials and methods: In the present study, we have attempted to compare the expression of S100-A7 within young-onset (age ≤45 years, Group 1) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), OSCC in older age groups (age >45 years Group 2), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs, Group 3) and inflammatory lesions (Group 4). The tissue sections were scored based on the percentage of immunostained cells and staining intensity. Nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane immunoreactivity were also scored.

Results: The present study comprised 153 histopathologically diagnosed case subjects of OSCC >45 years (n = 41), OSCC <45 years (n = 36), OPMD (n = 40) and inflammatory lesions (n = 36). The present study revealed a statistically significant difference of distribution with regard to S100A7 staining (cytoplasmic and nuclear) between OPMDs and OSCC (P < 0.05). The nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane staining as well as the staining intensity had significantly different scoring patterns among the OSCC group, OPMD group and the inflammatory lesions with the OSCC group having the highest scoring of the S100A7 staining (irrespective of the age).

Conclusions: The present study concludes that S100A7 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to differentiate between OPMDs and OSCC lesions. However, the marker is unable to distinguish between OSCCs in younger and older patients as the molecular pathogenesis of tumors in either of these age groups is probably similar.

Keywords: Biomarker; immunohistochemistry; oral potentially malignant disorders; oral squamous cell carcinoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Clinical photograph, photomicrograph of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and immunohistochemical analysis of S100A7 in inflammatory lesions (fibrous hyperplasia) (a-c), oral potentially malignant disorders (d-f), oral squamous cell carcinoma (<45 years) (g-i) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (>45 years) (j-l)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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