Effects of dietary arginine in ameliorating the deleterious effects induced by mycotoxins on growth, immune system, body organs in growing pigs

Abstract

Mycotoxin contamination in pig feeds has a negative impact on growth performance, the immune system, and major body organs. Arginine (Arg) plays an important role in animals' body biochemistry and physiology. This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary Arg supplementation on mitigating the negative effects of mycotoxins in growing pigs. A total of 72 growing pigs (Landrace × Large white) with initial mean body weight (BW) = 55 ± 2.5 kg were allotted to four treatment groups with three replicates per group of six pigs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The treatments included a non-toxin diet with 1.2% Arg (NT1.2) and mycotoxin-challenged treatments supplemented with 1.2% Arg (TX1.2), 1.3% Arg (TX1.3), and 1.4% Arg (TX1.4). Statistical analysis of data included the effects of dietary level of Arg. The results indicated a significantly higher BW (p < 0.05), average daily gain (p < 0.05), and gain-to-feed ratio (p < 0.05) in the NT1.2 group than in the TX1.2, TX1.3, and TX1.4 groups. The relative weight of the liver was higher (p < 0.05) in the TX1.2 compared to that of the NT1.2 group, although it was not different from that of TX1.3 and TX1.4. The level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha was significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) in the liver tissue of the TX1.2 group compared to that of the other treatments. Overall, dietary Arg supplementation remedied liver injury and alleviated the compromised immune system caused by mycotoxin toxicity.

Keywords: Aflatoxin; Cytokines; Immunity; Mycotoxin; Tool like receptor; Villus height.

Fig. 1.. Relative expression of IL-4, IL-6, IFNγ, TLR4 and TNFα in liver of growing pigs.

Error bars represent standard error of means. Bars with different letters (a,b) differ significantly across all 4 treatment groups (p < 0.05). IL, interleukin; Arg, arginine; IFN, interferon; TLR, toll like receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Fig. 2.. Relative expression of IL-4, IL-6, IFNγ, TLR4 and TNFα in muscle of growing pigs.

Error bars represent standard error of means. Bars with different letters (a,b) differ significantly across all 4 treatment groups (p < 0.05). IL, interleukin; Arg, arginine; IFN, interferon; TLR, toll like receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Fig. 3.. Relative expression of IL-4, IL-6, IFNγ, TLR4 and TNFα in jejunum of growing pigs.

Error bars represent standard error of means. Bars with different letters (a,b) differ significantly across all 4 treatment groups (p < 0.05). IL, interleukin; Arg, arginine; IFN, interferon; TLR, toll like receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.