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. 2022 Dec;187(6):1032-1035.
doi: 10.1111/bjd.21820. Epub 2022 Sep 1.

COVID-19 pandemic-associated chilblains: more links for SARS-CoV-2 and less evidence for high interferon type I systemic response

Didier Bessis  1   2 , Sophie Trouillet-Assant, Léo-Paul Secco  1 , Nathalie Bardin, Brigitte Blanc, Véronique Blatière  1 , Christine Chable-Bessia, Christophe Delfour, Céline Girard  1   2 , Jean-Christophe Richard, Nathalie Gros, Vincent Le Moing, Nicolas Molinari, Valérie Pallure, Amandine Pisoni, Nadia Raison-Peyron  1 , Elisa Reynaud, Émilie Schwob  1 , Rémi Pescarmona, Quentin Samaran  1 , Marjolaine Willems, Thierry Vincent, Mircea T Sofonea, Alexandre Belot, Édouard Tuaillon  2
Affiliations

COVID-19 pandemic-associated chilblains: more links for SARS-CoV-2 and less evidence for high interferon type I systemic response

Didier Bessis et al. Br J Dermatol. 2022 Dec.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Examples of clinical manifestations of COVID‐19‐associated chilblains. Left to right: (i) typical chilblain pattern with circumscribed red macules and papules overlying the dorsal and distal phalanges of the toes; (ii) acral erythema pattern with well‐delineated symmetrical erythema and slight oedema located on the distal part of the toes; (iii) close‐up view of typical chilblains and Raynaud phenomenon of the distal phalanges of the toes; (iv) chilblains of the toes associated with BASCULE syndrome, characterized by Bier anaemic macules, cyanosis, and multiple irregular red‐orange macules (white arrows); (v) dilated capillaries and subungual splinter haemorrhages on the distal part of the nail plate. (b) Whole‐blood interferon (IFN) score and relative expression of the six interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs) used for the IFN signature in healthy volunteers (HV; n = 24), a cohort of patients with COVID 19‐associated chilblains (CAC; n = 19), a cohort of critically ill patients with COVID‐19 in the intensive care unit (ICU; n = 72) and a cohort of nonhospitalized patients with nonsevere COVID‐19 (benign; n = 8). Relative quantification of ISGs was performed using the nCounter analysis system (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA). (c) Plasma ISG score (IFN signature). The cutoff value for positive IFN signature was > 3·2 (lower positive = 2·3–3·2, negative < 2·3). From left to right: patients with COVID 19‐associated chilblains (n = 19); nonhospitalized patients with nonsevere COVID‐19 without CAC (n = 8); and critically ill patients with COVID‐19 in the intensive care unit (n = 72). ISGs were analysed using restricted cubic splines and are displayed as continuous variables.
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References

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