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. 2022 Aug 17:12:12004.
doi: 10.7189/jogh.12.12004.

Timing of first bath in term healthy newborns: A systematic review

Mayank Priyadarshi  1 , Bharathi Balachander  2 , Shuchita Gupta  3 , Mari Jeeva Sankar  4
Affiliations

Timing of first bath in term healthy newborns: A systematic review

Mayank Priyadarshi et al. J Glob Health. .

Abstract

Background: This systematic review of intervention trials and observational studies assessed the effect of delaying the first bath for at least 24 hours after birth, compared to conducting it within the first 24 hours, in term healthy newborns.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL (updated till November 2021), and clinical trials databases and reference lists of retrieved articles. Key outcomes were neonatal mortality, systemic infections, hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates. Two authors separately evaluated the risk of bias, extracted data, and synthesized effect estimates using relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR). The GRADE approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence.

Results: We included 16 studies (two trials and 14 observational studies) involving 39 020 term or near-term healthy newborns. Delayed and early baths were defined variably in the studies, most commonly as >24 hours (six studies) and as ≤6 hours (12 studies), respectively. We performed a post-hoc analysis for studies that defined early bath as ≤6 hours. Low certainty evidence suggested that bathing the newborn 24 hours after birth might reduce the risk of infant mortality (OR = 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.28 to 0.77; one study, 789 participants) and neonatal hypothermia (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.28-0.88; one study, 660 newborns), compared to bathing within first 24 hours. The evidence on the effect on EBF at discharge was very uncertain. Delayed bath beyond 6 hours (at or after nine, 12, or 24 hours) after birth compared to that within 6 hours might reduce the risk of hypothermia (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.36-0.61; four studies, 2711 newborns) and hypoglycaemia (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.23-0.66; three studies, 2775 newborns) and improve the incidence of EBF at discharge (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.08-1.34; six studies, 6768 newborns); the evidence of the effect on neonatal mortality was very uncertain.

Conclusion: Delayed first bath for at least 24 hours may reduce infant mortality and hypothermia. Delayed bath for at least 6 hours may prevent hypothermia and hypoglycaemia and improve EBF rates at discharge. However, most of these conclusions are limited by low certainty evidence.

Registration: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020177430.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest Form (available upon request from the corresponding author) and declare the following interests and relationships: Shuchita Gupta is a staff member of WHO.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flowchart depicting the selection of studies included in the review.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot for post-hoc analysis: Delayed first bath (>6 hours, ie, at or after 9, 12 or 24 hours after birth) vs early bath (≤6 hours after birth) in term, healthy newborns. Outcome: Incidence of hypothermia.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot for post-hoc analysis: Delayed first bath (>6 hours, ie, at or after 12 or 24 hours after birth) vs early bath (≤6 hours after birth) in term, healthy newborns. Outcome: Incidence of hypoglycaemia.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot for post-hoc analysis: Delayed first bath (>6 hours, ie, at or after 9, 12 or 24 hours after birth) vs early bath (≤6 hours after birth) in term, healthy newborns. Outcome: Incidence of exclusive breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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