Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Sep 12;108(19):1571-1579.
doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318811.

Management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Paul M Haydock  1 , Andrew S Flett  2
Affiliations

Management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Paul M Haydock et al. Heart. .
No abstract available

Keywords: heart failure, systolic.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
NICE guideline for the treatment of suspected heart failure. Reproduced under the NICE UK Open Content licence. NT-proBNP, N-terminal component of B-type natriuretic peptide.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Hyperenhancement (HE) patterns following administration of gadolinium contrast at MRI according to aetiology of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Reprinted with permission from Shah. HTN, hypertension.
Figure 3
Figure 3
ESC 2021 Therapeutic algorithm of Class I Therapy Indications for a patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Reproduced from McDonagh et al. ACE-I = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARNI = angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; CRT-D =cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator; CRT-P = cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker; ICD = implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; MRA = mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; QRS = Q, R, and S waves of an ECG; SR = sinus rhythm. aAs a replacement for ACE-I. bWhere appropriate. Class I = green. Class IIa = Yellow.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Overview of homeostatic mechanisms in HFREF. BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Figure 5
Figure 5
UK NICE decision grid regarding device therapy in individuals with HFrEF according to NYHA class and QRS duration. Reproduced with the NICE UK Open Content licence. CRT, cardiac resynchronisation therapy; CRT-D, cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillator; ICD, implanted cardioverter defibrillator; CRT-P, cardiac resynchronisation therapy pacemaker; NICE, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Zaphiriou A, Robb S, Murray-Thomas T, et al. . The diagnostic accuracy of plasma BNP and NTproBNP in patients referred from primary care with suspected heart failure: results of the UK natriuretic peptide study. Eur J Heart Fail 2005;7:537–41. 10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.01.022 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chronic heart failure in adults: diagnosis and management NICE guideline [NG106] 2018. - PubMed
    1. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. . 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:776–803. 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.025 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cleland JGF, Swedberg K, Follath F, et al. . The EuroHeart Failure survey programme-- a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe. Part 1: patient characteristics and diagnosis. Eur Heart J 2003;24:442–63. 10.1016/S0195-668X(02)00823-0 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Halliday BP, Wassall R, Lota AS, et al. . Withdrawal of pharmacological treatment for heart failure in patients with recovered dilated cardiomyopathy (TRED-HF): an open-label, pilot, randomised trial. Lancet 2019;393:61–73. 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32484-X - DOI - PMC - PubMed