Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Aug 16;22(1):1559.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13959-3.

Effects of a theory-based training program with follow-up home visits on self-management behavior, glycemic index, and quality of life among Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Mohammad Hossein Kaveh  1 , Maryam Montazer  2 , Masoud Karimi  2 , Jafar Hassanzadeh  3
Affiliations

Effects of a theory-based training program with follow-up home visits on self-management behavior, glycemic index, and quality of life among Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Mohammad Hossein Kaveh et al. BMC Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Uncontrolled diabetes is an important public health problem that endangers the quality of life of patients. Promoting self-management through well-planned training is an essential strategy to control diabetes effectively. This study aimed to examine the effects of a training program based on social cognitive theory (SCT) on self-management behavior, glycemic index, and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population included 106 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus assigned to the intervention and control groups [n1 = n2 = 53], who received services from two urban health centers. A multi-method, SCT-based training program consisting of six 60-80-min sessions was run, followed by 2-3 follow-up home visits [once a month for each participant] for the intervention group. The data were collected before and three months after the intervention and were analyzed in SPSS 19.

Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the main variables. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in the intervention group's mean scores of knowledge, self-efficacy, social support, outcome expectations, self-regulation, self-management behavior, glycemic index, and quality of life. There were no significant changes in these constructs in the control group after the intervention. The regression analysis results indicated that social cognitive theory and self-management could explain the variance in quality of life [adjusted R-squared = 0.476].

Conclusions: The findings support the effectiveness of the multi-method, SCT-based educational intervention in improving self-management behaviors, glycemic index, and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is suggested that the quality of type 2 diabetes care programs should be promoted. However, further research is needed to evaluate the long-term outcomes.

Keywords: Home visit; Quality of life; Self-management; Social cognitive theory; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Constructs of the social cognitive theory
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, Pinkepank M, Ogurtsova K, Duncan BB, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109119. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gómez-Pimienta E, González-Castro TB, Fresan A, Juárez-Rojop IE, Martínez-López MC, Barjau-Madrigal HA, et al. Decreased quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with emotional distress. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(15):2652. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152652. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alfian SD, Annisa N, Iskandarsyah A, Perwitasari DA, Denig P, Hak E, et al. Emotional Distress is Associated with Lower Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients with Diabetes Using Antihypertensive and/or Antihyperlipidemic Medications: A Multicenter Study in Indonesia. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2021;17:1333. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S329694. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lin X, Xu Y, Pan X, Xu J, Ding Y, Sun X, et al. Global, regional, and national burden and trend of diabetes in 195 countries and territories: an analysis from 1990 to 2025. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):1–11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56847-4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alzaheb RA, Altemani AH. The prevalence and determinants of poor glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy. 2018;11:15. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S156214. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types