Glenoid Morphology and Related Parameters in Turkish Society

Abstract

Introduction Glenoid morphology may vary in different ethnic groups. Detection of these differences may be important in preoperative planning, especially in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. In this study, we investigated the mean glenoid size and retroversion in Turkish society and their relationship with the dominant side, gender, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Materials and methods Between 2019 and 2021, 102 shoulders of 51 patients (24 females/27 males, 51 left/51 right) who were included in shoulder joint imaging during thorax CT scanning were examined. Those with glenoid fracture, arthrosis, shoulder surgery or deformity, or younger than 18 years of age were not included in the study. The mean age was 41.69 (range: 18-73) years. Glenoid anterior-posterior diameter (D) and glenoid version (GV) were measured in axial slices, and glenoid height (H) was measured in coronal slices. The correlation of these parameters with gender, height, weight, and dominant side was examined. Results Mean D was 25.79±4.44 mm, mean H was 29.08±4.08 mm, and mean GV was -0.99°±0.92°. The mean height of the patients was 162±16.23 cm and the mean weight was 71.9±15.36 kg. The glenoid diameter and height were smaller in females, however, no statistically significant difference was found in the glenoid version (p<0.01, p<0.01, and p=0.92). The glenoid on the dominant side was statistically significantly more retroverted, whereas D and H were not associated with dominance (p<0.01, p=0.9, and p=0.98). It was found that the glenoid sizes were very highly correlated with the patient's height, and it was highly correlated with the patient's weight (p<0.01 and p<0.01). On the other hand, height and weight were not correlated with the glenoid version (p=0.47 and p=0.81, respectively). There was no statistically significant relationship between BMI and glenoid sizes and glenoid version (p=0.14 and p=0.46, respectively). Conclusions Females in Turkish society had small glenoid sizes. Male gender, height, and weight were positively correlated with large glenoids. The glenoid was more retroverted on the dominant side. These findings should be considered in preoperative planning in Turkish society.

Keywords: computed tomography; ethnicity; gender; glenoid morphology; related parameters.

Figure 1. Standardized axial slices were obtained by reference to the line connecting the middle of the glenoid fossa surface in the coronal and sagittal planes and the medial pole of the scapular spine.

Figure 2. Measurement of the glenoid diameter in the anterior-posterior direction on the standardized axial slice.

Figure 3. Measurement of the glenoid height in the superior-inferior direction on the coronal slice.

Figure 4. Measurement of the glenoid version with the Friedman method on the standardized axial slice.

The line joining the middle of the glenoid joint face and the anterior edge of the most medial of the scapular body is used in the axial slice. The glenoid version is defined as the angle between this line and the line parallel to the glenoid fossa joint surface.