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. 2022 Aug 15;37(5):e370506.
doi: 10.1590/acb370506. eCollection 2022.

Celecoxib in the treatment of orofacial pain and discomfort in rats subjected to a dental occlusal interference model

Andrea Whitehurst Ary Leitão  1 , Marcela Maria Fontes Borges  2 , Joyce Ohana de Lima Martins  2 , Antônio Alexandre Coelho  3 , Anna Clara Aragão Matos Carlos  4 , Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves  5 , Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva  6 , Fabrício Bitu Sousa  6
Affiliations

Celecoxib in the treatment of orofacial pain and discomfort in rats subjected to a dental occlusal interference model

Andrea Whitehurst Ary Leitão et al. Acta Cir Bras. .

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor on trigeminal ganglion changes and orofacial discomfort/nociception in rats submitted to an experimental model of dental occlusal interference (DOI).

Methods: Female Wistar rats (180-200 g) were divided into five groups: a sham group (without DOI) (n=15); and four experimental groups with DOI treated daily with 0.1 mL/kg saline (DOI+SAL), 8, 16, or 32 mg/kg celecoxib (DOI+cel -8, -16, -32) (n=30/group). The animals were euthanized after one, three, and seven days. The bilateral trigeminal ganglia were analyzed histomorphometrically (neuron cell body area) and immunohistochemically (COX-2, nuclear factor-kappa B [NFkB], and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y [PPARy]). A bilateral nociception assay of the masseter muscle was performed. The number of bites/scratches, weight, and grimace scale scores were determined daily. One-way/two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Bonferroni post hoc tests were used (P < .05, GraphPad Prism 5.0).

Results: DOI+SAL showed a reduction in neuron cell body area bilaterally, whereas DOI+cel-32 exhibited a significative increase in neuron cell body area compared with DOI+SAL group (P < 0.05). The ipsilateral (P=0.007 and P=0.039) and contralateral (P < 0.001 and P=0.005) overexpression of COX-2 and NFkB and downregulation of PPARy (P=0.016 and P < 0.001) occurred in DOI+SAL, but DOI+cel-32 reverted this alteration. DOI+SAL showed increase in isplateral (P < 0.001) and contralateral (P < 0.001) nociception, an increased number of bites (P=0.010), scratches (P < 0.001), and grimace scores (P=0.032). In the group of DOI+cel-32, these parameters were reduced.

Conclusions: Celecoxib attenuated DOI-induced transitory nociception/orofacial discomfort resulting from trigeminal COX-2 overexpression.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: Nothing to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Histomorphometric analysis of ipsilateral cell body area of trigeminal neurons in rats treated with different doses of a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor (celecoxib, Eurofarma®) and exposed to an experimentalmodel of dental occlusal interference. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Bonferroni(mean ± standard error); hematoxylin and eosin, 400×, horizontal line = 50 μm.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Histomorphometric analysis of contralateral cell body area of trigeminal neurons in rats treated with different doses of a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor (celecoxib, Eurofarma®) and exposed to an experimentalmodel of dental occlusal interference. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Bonferroni(mean ± standard error); hematoxylin and eosin, 400×, horizontal line = 50 μm.
Figure 3
Figure 3. COX-2 immunostaining of cell bodies of trigeminal neurons after one, three, and sevendays of exposure to an experimental model of dental occlusal interference in rats treated witha selective COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib, Eurofarma®). One-way ANOVA/Bonferroni(mean ± standard error). Immunohistochemistry, 400×, horizontal line = 50 μm.
Figure 4
Figure 4. NFkB p65 immunostaining of cell bodies of trigeminal neurons after one, three, and sevendays of exposure to an experimental model of dental occlusal interference in rats treated witha selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor (celecoxib, Eurofarma®). One-way ANOVA/Bonferroni(mean ± standard error). Immunohistochemistry, 400×, horizontal line = 50 μm.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y immunostaining of cell bodies of trigeminal neurons afterone, three, and seven days of exposure to an experimental model of dental occlusal interference in ratstreated with a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor (celecoxib, Eurofarma®). One-way analysis ofvariance/Bonferroni (mean ± standard error). Immunohistochemistry, 400×, horizontal line = 50 μm.
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