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. 2022 Nov 30;18(6):2091899.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2091899. Epub 2022 Aug 17.

Group-based trajectory modeling to identify health beliefs of COVID-19 vaccination and its predictors: A cohort study in China

Linlin Kang  1   2 , Yanjiao Wang  2 , Sizhong Xing  1 , Hang Li  1 , Ching-Wen Chien  2 , Tao-Hsin Tung  3
Affiliations

Group-based trajectory modeling to identify health beliefs of COVID-19 vaccination and its predictors: A cohort study in China

Linlin Kang et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. .

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize distinct patterns of change in health beliefs and their dimensions of COVID-19 vaccination and to evaluate the predictors of various trajectory groups.

Methods: A total of 1129 participants who completed two doses of COVID-19 vaccines in China were included in this prospective study. Participants' characteristics and health beliefs regarding COVID-19 vaccination were collected before and after the two doses of COVID-19 vaccination. A group-based trajectory model was used to identify the distinct longitudinal patterns of health beliefs and their dimensions. A multinomial logistic regression model was conducted to determine the predictors of different trajectory groups.

Results: The group-based trajectory model identified two to four distinct patterns of global health beliefs and their domains, namely, very low-stable (16.1%), low-stable (30.2%), medium-stable (45.6%), and high-stable (8.1%) trajectories for global health beliefs. And the five domains of health beliefs showed two or three trajectory stable progression, which were similar to the global health beliefs trajectories. Sex, occupation post, adverse reactions foreboding, and quality of life were associated with the trajectory of global health beliefs or at least one domain of health beliefs.

Conclusions: During the study, individuals' health beliefs about COVID-19 vaccination were stable without the interference of external factors. Based on the impact of sex, occupation post, adverse reactions foreboding, and quality of life on individuals' health beliefs, personalized interventions can be developed to improve public health beliefs about COVID-19 vaccination and reduce vaccination hesitancy.

Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; Health beliefs; group-based trajectory model.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Study design.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
(a) the four-group health beliefs trajectory (group 1: Very low-stable; group 2: Low-stable; group 3: Medium-stable; group 4: High-stable). (b) the two-group perceived susceptibility trajectory (group 1: Low-stable; group 2: High-stable). (c) the three-group perceived severity trajectory (group 1: Low-stable; group 2: Medium-stable; group 3: High-stable). (d) the two-group perceived benefits trajectory (group 1: Low-stable; group 2: High-stable). (e) the three-group perceived barriers trajectory (group 1: Low-stable; group 2: Medium-stable; group 3: High-stable). (f) the three-group cues to action trajectory (group 1: Low-stable; group 2: Medium-stable; group 3: High-stable).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
(a) the three-group physical component summary trajectory (group 1: Low-declining; group 2: Medium-stable; group 3: High-slow increasing-stable). (b) the three-group mental component summary trajectory (group 1: Low-declining; group 2: Medium-stable; group 3: High-stable).
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