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. 2022 Nov 1;91(3):285-289.
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003065. Epub 2022 Aug 18.

Brief Report: Virologic Impact of the Dolutegravir Transition: Prospective Results From the Multinational African Cohort Study

Esber Allahna  1   2 , Dear Nicole  1   2 , Shah Neha  1 , Kibuuka Hannah  3 , Maswai Jonah  1   4 , Owuoth John  5   6 , Singoei Valentine  5   6 , Bahemana Emmanuel  1   7 , Iroezindu Michael  1   8 , Crowell Trevor A  1   2 , Polyak Christina S  1   2 , Cavanaugh Joseph S  1 , Ake Julie A  1 ; AFRICOS Study Group
Affiliations

Brief Report: Virologic Impact of the Dolutegravir Transition: Prospective Results From the Multinational African Cohort Study

Esber Allahna et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. .

Abstract

Background: The real-world impact on viral suppression of switching from non-dolutegravir-based therapy to tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD) is not thoroughly characterized in Africa. We described the virologic consequences of switching regimens in the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS), an observational cohort in Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania.

Methods: Among antiretroviral-experienced people living with HIV (PLWH) in AFRICOS, we compared viral load (VL) nonsuppression (VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL) among those who switched with those who never switched to TLD, restricting to participants who had at least 1 visit with a recorded VL after the countrywide rollout of TLD. We calculated Kaplan-Meier curves and conducted Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for factors potentially associated with nonsuppression.

Results: As of September 1, 2021, there were 3108 PLWH enrolled. Among 1576 participants who switched to TLD, 1486 (94.3%) remained suppressed after transition, 12 (0.8%) remained unsuppressed, and 38 (2.4%) lost suppression, compared with 652 (82.1%), 75 (9.4%), and 46 (5.8%), respectively, of 797 participants who did not switch ( P < 0.001). After adjustment for sex, age, study site, and self-reported antiretroviral therapy adherence, virally suppressed participants who did not switch to TLD had significantly higher rates of losing viral suppression compared with those who switched (adjusted hazard ratio: 4.26; 95% confidence interval: 2.72 to 6.68).

Conclusions: PLWH transitioning to TLD had higher rates of viral suppression compared with those who remained on other regimens. Even within a highly suppressed population, TLD transition provided significant benefits for achieving or maintaining viral suppression.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 1.
VL category by antiretroviral therapy switch status. VL suppression defined as a VL < 1000 copies/mL, and nonsuppressed defined as a VL ≥ 1000 copies/mL. For participants who did not transition to TLD, the preswitch VL was the first available VL after the country began rollout of TLD.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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