Frequency of germline genetic variants in women with a personal or family history of breast cancer from Brazil

Abstract

Background: About 5-10% of breast cancer cases are related to genetic and hereditary factors. The application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in oncology has allowed the identification of genetic variants present in several genes related to the increased risk of breast cancer. This study aimed to determine the frequency of germline genetic variants in patients with a family and/or personal history of breast cancer.

Methods: An analysis of positive reports from NGS panels was carried out in female individuals with a personal and/or family history of breast cancer, present in the database of a private laboratory in Brazil.

Results: From about 2000 reports, 183 individuals presented 219 different germline genetic variants. The genes with the highest number of variants were BRCA2 (16.0%), ATM (15.0%) and BRCA1 (12.8%). Among the variants found, 78 were either pathogenic or probably pathogenic, accounting for 35% of all variants discovered. The gene with the highest proportion of pathogenic/probably pathogenic variants was TP53 (80%) and the most frequent pathogenic variant was also reported in this gene (c.1010G > A p.(Arg337His)). Furthermore, the study obtained a high proportion of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) (65%) and approximately 32% of the variants found were in genes of moderate penetrance.

Conclusions: Our results could improve the risk estimation and clinical follow-up of Brazilian patients with a history of breast cancer.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Germline genetic variants; NGS; Pathogenic variants.