A systematic review of anti-cancer roles and mechanisms of kaempferol as a natural compound

Abstract

It has been shown in multiple experimental and biological investigations that kaempferol, an edible flavonoid generated from plants, may be used as an anti-cancer drug and has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. Many signaling pathways are altered in cancer cells, resulting in cell growth inhibition and death in various tumor types. Cancer is a multifaceted illness coordinated by multiple external and internal mechanisms. Natural extracts with the fewest side effects have piqued the attention of researchers in recent years, attempting to create cancer medicines based on them. An extensive array of natural product-derived anti-cancer agents have been examined to find a successful method. Numerous fruits and vegetables have high levels of naturally occurring flavonoid kaempferol, and its pharmacological and biological effects have been studied extensively. Certain forms of cancer are sensitive to kaempferol-mediated anti-cancer activity, although complete research is needed. We have endeavored to concentrate our review on controlling carcinogenic pathways by kaempferol in different malignancies. Aside from its extraordinary ability to modify cell processes, we have also discussed how kaempferol has the potential to be an effective therapy for numerous tumors.

Keywords: Anti-cancer; Kaempferol; Mechanisms; Natural compounds; Signaling pathways.

Fig. 1

Kaempferol's chemical structure and its analogous compounds using the Tanimoto similarity index of 97% in PubChem database (^*[13C6]-Robigenin and Galangin-13C3 have Carbon 13 (.¹³C))

Fig. 2

The activation tumour cell apoptosis using kaempferol as a therapeutics agent through diverse range of signaling pathways and mitochondrial mechanisms (KF: kaempferol)