Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Aug 20;48(1):153.
doi: 10.1186/s13052-022-01344-0.

Analysis of the risk factors and clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with embolism in children: a retrospective study

Chunjiao Han #  1   2 , Tongqiang Zhang #  2 , Jiafeng Zheng #  2 , Peng Jin  1 , Qi Zhang  1 , Wei Guo  3   4 , Yongsheng Xu  5
Affiliations

Analysis of the risk factors and clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with embolism in children: a retrospective study

Chunjiao Han et al. Ital J Pediatr. .

Abstract

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a prevalent disease in community-acquired pneumonia among children. However, in addition to respiratory manifestations, it may also develop extra-pulmonary complications. Embolism is one of the uncommon extra-respiratory manifestations prone to severe sequelae and even death. This study aims to analyze the clinical features of MPP with embolism in children, and explore the associated risk factors of embolism in MPP patients.

Methods: A retrospective case-control analysis was performed on 48 children with MPP admitted to our hospital wards between January 2010 and December 2021. Embolism group comprised children with embolism by CTA or MRA results, whereas the non-embolism group comprised children with clinical suspicion of embolism but negative diagnostic imaging support. The clinical features, laboratory findings and imaging were analyzed to explore the risk factors for embolism in children with MPP.

Results: A total of 48 children with MPP were enrolled in the study (16 cases and 32 controls). In the embolism group, 10 patients (62.5%) had pulmonary embolism, 3 patients (18.75%) presented ventricle embolism, 2 patients (12.5%) presented cerebral and carotid artery embolism, one patient (6.25%) had a cerebral embolism, limb, and spleen, respectively. The univariate analysis revealed the maximum body temperature (Tmax), CRP, D-dimer (closest to CTA/MRA), the percentage of neutrophils (N%), pulmonary consolidation (⩾ 2/3 lobe), pleural effusion and atelectasis have significant differences between the embolism group and non-embolism group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that D-dimer (closest to CTA/MRA) > 3.55 mg/L [OR = 1.255 (95% CI: 1.025-1.537), P < 0.05], pulmonary consolidation (⩾ 2/3 lobe) [OR = 8.050 (95% CI: 1.341-48.327), P < 0.05], and pleural effusion [OR = 25.321 (95% CI: 2.738-234.205), P < 0.01] were independent risk factors for embolism in children with MPP.

Conclusion: In conclusion, MPP with embolism patients have more D-dimer values and severe radiologic manifestations.

Keywords: Children; Clinical characteristics; Embolism; Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia; Risk factors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
D-dimer values of patients (n = 16) tested over multiple days. Color-coded circles correspond to D-dimer values on different dates
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A Chest CTA showed a filling defect in the left upper pulmonary artery. B MRA examination of the head showed that the cavernous sinus segment of the left internal carotid artery, the middle cerebral artery and its branches were not developed. C CTA of lower limbs showed that the right posterior tibial artery was not developed locally
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
ROC curve for predictive values of the independent correlation factors of MPP with embolism in children
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Wang Z, Yang L, Ye J, Wang Y, Liu Y. Monocyte subsets study in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Immunol Res. 2019;67(4–5):373–381. doi: 10.1007/s12026-019-09096-6. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Narita M. Classification of extrapulmonary manifestations due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection on the basis of possible pathogenesis. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:23. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00023. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Liu J, He R, Wu R, Wang B, Xu H, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhao S. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia associated thrombosis at Beijing Children's hospital. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-4774-9. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Li T, Yu H, Hou W, Li Z, Han C, Wang L. Evaluation of variation in coagulation among children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: a case-control study. J Int Med Res. 2017;45(6):2110–2118. doi: 10.1177/0300060517709613. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Valentania V, Somasetia DH, Hilmanto D, Setiabudi D, Nataprawira HMN. Modified PIRO (predisposition, insult, response, organ dysfunction) severity score as a predictor for mortality of children with pneumonia in Hasan Sadikin hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2021;16(1):735. - PMC - PubMed