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. 2022 Sep-Oct;12(5):610-616.
doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.08.011. Epub 2022 Aug 14.

Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and thymoquinone against cigarette smoke in experimental bone fracture healing

Izzet Acikan  1 , Ferhan Yaman  2 , Serkan Dundar  3 , Ibrahim Hanifi Ozercan  4 , Serahim Serhat Atilgan  2
Affiliations

Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and thymoquinone against cigarette smoke in experimental bone fracture healing

Izzet Acikan et al. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2022 Sep-Oct.

Abstract

This study investigated the protective characteristics of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and thymoquinone (TMQ) against the effects of cigarette smoke in recovery from bone fractures. Sixty Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups (n = 10). The rats' femur bones were fractured and then fixed with microplates and microscrews. In the CAPE group, CAPE was given by intraperitoneal injection for 30 days at a dose of 10 μmol/kg once a day. In the TMQ group, TMQ was given orogastrically for 30 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg once a day. In the cigarette groups, CAPE was given by intraperitoneal injection for 30 days at a dose of 10 μmol/kg once a day (CAPE-CG), TMQ was given orogastrically for 30 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg once a day (TMQ-CG), and controls were exposed to cigarette smoke three times a day for 8 min each time for 30 days. The controls received no postoperative treatment. The rats were sacrificed on the 30th day following surgery. According to the histopathological and immunohistochemical results, cigarette smoke had a negative impact on bone healing. TMQ and CAPE increased bone formation and reduced bone destruction. Therefore, TMQ and CAPE were found to be partially protective against the adverse effects of smoking on bone tissue.

Keywords: Bone fracture healing; Caffeic acid phenethyl ester; Smoking; Thymoquinone.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declerate there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The view of fracture zone(New Bone Formation). A- CNT(Hematoxylin- Eosin (H&E)-100X), B- CAPE(H&E−40X), C- TMQ(H&E−40X), D- CG(H&E−40X), E− CAPE-CG(H&E−100X), F- TMQ-CG(H&E−40X).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The view of fracture zone(Osteoblast). G- CNT(H&E)-100X), H- CAPE(H&E−400X), K- TMQ(H&E−400X), L- CG(H&E−200X), M − CAPE-CG(H&E−200X), N- TMQ-CG(H&E−200X).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The view of fracture zone(Osteoprotegerin). a- CNT(Immunohistochemical (IHC)-400X), b- CAPE(IHC-400X), c- TMQ(IHC-400X), d- CG(IHC-400X), e− CAPE-CG(IHC-400X), f- TMQ-CG(IHC-400X).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The view of fracture zone(RANK). g- CNT(Immunohistochemical (IHC)-400X), h- CAPE(IHC-400X), k- TMQ(IHC-400X), l- CG(IHC-400X), m- CAPE-CG(IHC-400X), n- TMQ-CG(IHC-400X).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The view of fracture zone(RANKL). I- CNT(Immunohistochemical (IHC)-400X), II- CAPE(IHC-400X), III- TMQ(IHC-400X), IV- CG(IHC-400X), V- CAPE-CG(IHC-400X), VI- TMQ-CG(IHC-400X).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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