Affiliations

• ¹ Key Laboratory for Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
• ² Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
• ³ Department of Anaesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
• ⁴ Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
• ⁵ Department of Urology, Pingyi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linyi, China.
• ⁶ Department of Surgery, Zhucheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhucheng, China.
• ⁷ Department of Urology, Fei County People's Hospital, Linyi, China.
• ⁸ Department of Urology, Juxian People's Hospital, Rizhao, China.
• ⁹ Department of Urology, Zibo Municipal Hospital, Zibo, China.
• ¹⁰ Department of Urology, Yinan People's Hospital, Linyi, China.
• ¹¹ Department of Urology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China.
• ¹² Department of Urology, Dingxi People's Hospital, Dingxi, China.
• ¹³ Department of Information Management, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
• ¹⁴ Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Computer Assisted Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
• ¹⁵ Shandong Development and Reform Commission, Jinan, China.
• ¹⁶ Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
• ¹⁷ Department of Paediatric Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.