Adaptive Binding of Alkyl Glycosides by Nonpeptidic Helix Bundles in Water: Toward Artificial Glycolipid Binding Proteins

Abstract

Amphipathic water-soluble helices formed from synthetic peptides or foldamers are promising building blocks for the creation of self-assembled architectures with non-natural shapes and functions. While rationally designed artificial quaternary structures such as helix bundles have been shown to contain preformed cavities suitable for guest binding, there are no examples of adaptive binding of guest molecules by such assemblies in aqueous conditions. We have previously reported a foldamer 6-helix bundle that contains an internal nonpolar cavity able to bind primary alcohols as guest molecules. Here, we show that this 6-helix bundle can also interact with larger, more complex guests such as n-alkyl glycosides. X-ray diffraction analysis of co-crystals using a diverse set of guests together with solution and gas-phase studies reveals an adaptive binding mode whereby the apo form of the 6-helix bundle undergoes substantial conformational change to accommodate the hydrocarbon chain in a manner reminiscent of glycolipid transfer proteins in which the cavity forms upon lipid uptake. The dynamic nature of the self-assembling and molecular recognition processes reported here marks a step forward in the design of functional proteomimetic molecular assemblies.