The value of administering intravenous antibiotics during haemodialysis in the treatment of diabetic foot infections

Abstract

Objective: People with diabetes who are on haemodialysis (HD) are at a high risk of diabetic foot infections (DFI) and related complications. We explored the value of treating DFI with intravenous (IV) antibiotics during HD.

Method: This was an observational study of consecutively treated patients with DFIs with IV antibiotics during HD. Data collected included baseline characteristics, IV antibiotics used, details of multidisciplinary interventions and DFI treatment outcome.

Results: A cohort of 11 patients, mean (±standard deviation) age 62.4±12.7 years, had 15 episodes of treatment with IV antibiotics during HD. Of the patients, six (54.5%) were male and nine (81.8%) had type 2 diabetes. The estimated mean glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 11.4±3.9ml/minute. All patients had infected foot ulceration, soft tissue infection, six (54.5%) patients had osteomyelitis, and two (18.2%) had wet gangrene. The commonest IV antibiotic used was vancomycin (10/15 episodes, 66.7%). Other IV antibiotics used were daptomycin and meropenem. In three episodes, oral ciprofloxacin was used with IV antibiotics. The mean duration of antibiotic treatment was 9.2±4.9 weeks. Of the episodes, 11 (73.3%) were treated successfully with IV antibiotics alone and two (13.3%) episodes required minor surgical debridement/amputation. Some 10 (90.9%) members of the cohort had peripheral arterial disease and of those, five (50%) underwent angioplasty during IV antibiotic treatment.

Conclusion: HD provides a good opportunity for treatment with IV antibiotics in DFI. This mode of administration of IV antibiotics, along with multidisciplinary intervention, is associated with ulcer healing and resolution of infection in over three-quarters of patients with DFI.

Declaration of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Keywords: diabetes; diabetic foot infection; haemodialysis; intravenous antibiotics; vancomycin; vascular complications; wound; wound bed; wound care; wound dressing; wound healing.