Contemporary exploitation of natural products for arthropod-borne pathogen transmission-blocking interventions

Abstract

An integrated approach to innovatively counter the transmission of various arthropod-borne diseases to humans would benefit from strategies that sustainably limit onward passage of infective life cycle stages of pathogens and parasites to the insect vectors and vice versa. Aiming to accelerate the impetus towards a disease-free world amid the challenges posed by climate change, discovery, mindful exploitation and integration of active natural products in design of pathogen transmission-blocking interventions is of high priority. Herein, we provide a review of natural compounds endowed with blockade potential against transmissible forms of human pathogens reported in the last 2 decades from 2000 to 2021. Finally, we propose various translational strategies that can exploit these pathogen transmission-blocking natural products into design of novel and sustainable disease control interventions. In summary, tapping these compounds will potentially aid in integrated combat mission to reduce disease transmission trends.

Keywords: Anti-infectives; Arthropod disease vectors; Disease control; Human pathogen transmission-blocking; Natural products.

Fig. 1

Summarized analyses of the highlighted compounds retrieved from literature. A Overall distribution of sources of natural compounds highlighted in this review. B Disease target profile of the highlighted natural compounds. C Trends in exploration of natural products in pursuit of pathogen transmission-blocking between 2000 and 2021

Fig. 2

Chemical structures of compounds 1–17. Romidepsin (1), Violacein (2), Epoxomicin (3), thiostrepton (4), ivermectin (5), chlorotonil a (6), bt37 (7), bt122 (8), p-orlandin (9), asperaculane b (10), pulixin (11), monensin a (12), nigericin (13), salinomycin (14), narasin (15), maduramicin (16), NITD609 (17)

Fig. 3

Chemical structures of compounds 18–31. Corallopyronin A (CorA) (18), kirromycin b (19), kirromycin (20), kirromycin c (21), abbv-4083 (22), an11251 (23), globomycin (24), doxycycline (25), minocycline (26), rifampicin (27), azithromycin (28), tirandamycin b (29), WS9326a (30), adipostatin compound (31)

Fig. 4

Chemical structures of compounds 32–39. Nanchangmycin (32), cavinafungin (33), soraphen a (34), labyrinthopeptins a1 (35), labyrinthopeptins a2 (36), mycophenolic acid (mpa) (37), cyclosporine a (38), daptomycin (39)

Fig. 5

Chemical structures of compounds 40–56. Antimycin A1a (40), acetylspiramycin (41), brefeldin a (42), abamectin (43), debromoaplysiatoxin (44), bafilomycin (45), azadirachtin a (46), gedunin (47), deacetylnimbin (48), vernodalol (49), daucovirgolide g (50), 6-o-angeloxyl-8-o-senecioyl-6β,8α,11-trihydroxygermacra-1(10)e,4e-diene (51), parthenin (52), parthenolide (53), 1α,4α -dihydroxybishopsolicepolide (54), artemisone (55), artemiside (56)

Fig. 6

Chemical structures of compounds 57–80. 10-Aminoartemisinin compound (57), 10-aminoartemisinin compound (58), 10-aminoartemisinin compound (59), 10-aminoartemisinin compound (60), trigocherriolide A (61), prostratin (62), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (63), trigocherrierin A (64), trigocherriolide E (65), 12-O-decanoylphorbol 13-acetate (66), 12-O-decanoyl-7-hydroperoxy-phorbol-5-ene-13-acetate (67), (2R,3R,4S,5R,7S,8R,13R,15R)-3,5,7,15-tetraacetoxy-2-hydroxy-8-tigloyloxy-9,14-dioxojatropha-6(17),11E-diene (68), phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (69), tonantzitlolone B (70), 12-deoxyphorbol-13(2"-methyl)butyrate (71), stachyonic acid a (72), compound 73, compound 74, compound 75, compound 76, compound 77, compound 78, ((4r,9s,14s)-4α-acetoxy-9β,14α-dihidroxydolast-1(15),7-diene (79), betulinic acid (80)

Fig. 7

Chemical structures of compounds 81–98. Photogedunin (81), analog compound 82, ursolic acid (83), labda-8(20),13-diene-15-oic acid (84), quinine (85), securinine (86), virosecurinine (87), allosecurinine (88), cryptolepine (89), 3-chloro-8-nitro-tryptanthrin, 3-chloro-8-nitro-indolo [2,1-b] quinazoline-6,12-dione (nt1) (90), 3-chloro-indolo [2,1-b] quinazoline-6,12-dione (t8) (91), dihydronitidine (92), jozimine a₂ (93), dioncophylline c (94), ealapasamine c (95), dimer compound 96, compound 97, (−)-R,S-dehydroemetine (98)

Fig. 8

Chemical structures of compounds 99–124. Juliprosopine (99), tazopsine (100), NCP-tazopsine (101), sinococuline (102), berberine (103), harringtonine (104), halofuginone (105), tomatidine (106), castanospermine (107), lycorine (108), 1-acetyllycorine analogue (109), cherylline (110), emetine (111), epigallocatechin gallate (112), lophirone e (113), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (114), naringenin (115), chartaceone c (116), chartaceone d (117), chartaceone e (118), chartaceone f (119), baicalein (120), sotetsflavone (121), coumarin a 34sk001 (122), coumarin b 34sk002 (123), cardol triene (124)

Fig. 9

Chemical structures of compounds 125–138. Eugeniin (125), silvestrol (126), houttuynoid B derivative (tk1023) (127), genistein (128), lanceolin b (129), sn-2 (130), mandelonitrile (131), esculetin (132), anthraquinone k (133), alnus dimer (134), (5 s)-5- hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone (135), octadeca-9,11,13-triynoic acid (136), (13e)-octadec-13-en-9,11-diynoic acid (137), (13E)-octadec-13-en-11-ynoic acid (138)

Fig. 10

Chemical structures of compounds 139–151. Diastereoisomers compound 139, diastereoisomers compound 140, lanatoside c (141), ouabain (142), quinic acid amide derivative 143, quinic acid amide derivative 144, diphyllin (145), anthranilic acid (fam e3) (146), (17r,9z)-1,17-diaminooctadec-9-ene (harmonine) (147), melittin (148), ecdysteroid (20e) (149), abscisic acid (150), compound 151