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Review
. 2022 Aug 8:13:957771.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.957771. eCollection 2022.

Exosome derived from stem cell: A promising therapeutics for wound healing

Hui Lv  1 , Hanxiao Liu  1 , Ting Sun  1 , Han Wang  1 , Xiao Zhang  1 , Wei Xu  1
Affiliations
Review

Exosome derived from stem cell: A promising therapeutics for wound healing

Hui Lv et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

A wound occurs when the epidermis and dermis of the skin are damaged internally and externally. The traditional wound healing method is unsatisfactory, which will prolong the treatment time and increase the treatment cost, which brings economic and psychological burdens to patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method to accelerate wound healing. As a cell-free therapy, exosome derived from stem cell (EdSC) offers new possibilities for wound healing. EdSC is the smallest extracellular vesicle secreted by stem cells with diameters of 30-150 nm and a lipid bilayer structure. Previous studies have found that EdSC can participate in and promote almost all stages of wound healing, including regulating inflammatory cells; improving activation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells; and adjusting the ratio of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ. We reviewed the relevant knowledge of wounds; summarized the biogenesis, isolation, and identification of exosomes; and clarified the pharmacological role of exosomes in promoting wound healing. This review provides knowledge support for the pharmacological study of exosomes.

Keywords: exosome; stem cell; therapeutics; wound; wound healing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematical illustration of a wound. A wound occurs when the dermis and epidermis of the skin, as well as blood vessels, are damaged.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Schematical illustration of the exosome biogenesis. (A) the cell membrane forms early endosomes in the form of endocytosis. (B) the early endosomes mature into MVB containing exosomes after further acidification. (C) the MVB fuses with the cell membrane and releases exosomes into the extracellular space in the form of exocytosis.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Bioeffects of stem cells derived exosomes on wound healing. (A) EdSC can inhibit inflammation by regulating the number of inflammatory cells and the polarization of macrophages. (B) EdSC can promote re-epithelialization by increasing the activity of fibroblasts as well as keratinocytes and activating pathways. (C) EdSC can improve angiogenesis by stimulating the release of angiogenic factors and regulating the activity of endothelial cells. (D) EdSC can improve tissue remodeling by regulating the ratio of collagen and myofibroblast differentiation.
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