Stromal Vascular Fraction for Knee Osteoarthritis - An Update

Abstract

Orthobiologics never cease to cause popularity within the medical science field, distinctly in regenerative medicine. Recently, adipose tissue has been an object of interest for many researchers and medical experts due to the fact that it represents a novel and potential cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine purposes. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF), for instance, which is an adipose tissue-derivative, has generated optimistic results in many scenarios. Its biological potential can be harnessed and administered into injured tissues, particularly areas in which standard healing is disrupted. This is a typical feature of osteoarthritis (OA), a common degenerative joint disease which is outlined by persistent inflammation and destruction of surrounding tissues. SVF is known to carry a large amount of stem and progenitor cells, which are able to perform self-renewal, differentiation, and proliferation. Furthermore, they also secrete several cytokines and several growth factors, effectively sustaining immune modulatory effects and halting the escalated pro-inflammatory status of OA. Although SVF has shown interesting results throughout the medical community, additional research is still highly desirable in order to further elucidate its potential regarding musculoskeletal disorders, especially OA.

Keywords: Adipose tissue; Orthobiologics; Osteoarthritis; Regenerative medicine; Stromal vascular fraction.

Figure 1.. Processing Adipose Tissue.: A) Aspirating adipose tissue; B) Method of enzymatic processing with collagenase or lecithin to disaggregate components; C) Mechanical disaggregation techniques via nanofiltration and centrifugation

Figure 2.. Adipose tissue filters: A) 1.2 millimeter transfer; B) 1.4 millimetertransfer; C) 2.4 millimetertransfer; D) Mesh screen chamber (600 microns/400 microns)