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. 2022 Aug 8:13:950393.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.950393. eCollection 2022.

Biostimulants induce positive changes in the radish morpho-physiology and yield

Qurat-Ul-Ain Raza  1 , Muhammad Amjad Bashir  2 , Abdur Rehim  1 , Rafia Ejaz  2 , Hafiz Muhammad Ali Raza  1   2 , Umbreen Shahzad  2 , Faraz Ahmed  3 , Yucong Geng  4
Affiliations

Biostimulants induce positive changes in the radish morpho-physiology and yield

Qurat-Ul-Ain Raza et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

An ever-increasing population has issued an open challenge to the agricultural sector to provide enough food in a sustainable manner. The upsurge in chemical fertilizers to enhance food production had resulted in environmental problems. The objective of the current study is to assess the utilization of biostimulants for sustainable agricultural production as an alternative to chemical fertilization. For this purpose, two pot experiments were conducted to examine the response of radish against individual and combined applications of biostimulants. In the first experiment, the effects of chemical fertilizer (CK), glycine (G), lysine (L), aspartic acid (A), and vitamin B complex (V) were studied. The results demonstrated that V significantly improved the transpiration rate (81.79%), stomatal conductance (179.17%), fresh weight (478.31%), and moisture content (2.50%). In the second experiment, tested treatments included chemical fertilizer (CK), Isabion® (I), glycine + lysine + aspartic acid (GLA), moringa leaf extract + GLA (M1), 25% NPK + M1 (M2). The doses of biostimulants were 5g L-1 glycine, 1g L-1 lysine, 2g L-1 aspartic acid, and 10 ml L-1 moringa leaf extract. The photosynthetic rate improved significantly with GLA (327.01%), M1 (219.60%), and M2 (22.16%), while the transpiration rate was enhanced with GLA (53.14%) and M2 (17.86%) compared to the Ck. In addition, M1 increased the stomatal conductance (54.84%), internal CO2 concentration (0.83%), plant fresh weight (201.81%), and dry weight (101.46%) as compared to CK. This study concludes that biostimulants can effectively contribute to the sustainable cultivation of radish with better growth and yield.

Keywords: biostimulants; fertilization; glycine; radish; vegetable production.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author YG was employed by KOYO Star Agriculture Technology Co., LTD. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pigment analysis: (A) Photosynthetic pigments (B) Leaf greenness indexes observed in experiment 1 using chemical fertilizer (CK), glycine (G), lysine (L), aspartic acid (A), and vitamin B complex (V). The values mentioned herein are indicated as mean ± S.D and the lowercase letters indicate the significant difference among the means.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Plant weight and moisture content: (A) Plant fresh weight, (B) Plant dry weight, (C) Moisture content observed in experiment 1 using chemical fertilizer (CK), glycine (G), lysine (L), aspartic acid (A), and vitamin B complex (V). The values mentioned herein are indicated as mean ± S.D and the lowercase letters indicate the significant difference among the means.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Biometric attributes of radish: (A) Root length (B) Root diameter observed in experiment 1 using chemical fertilizer (CK), glycine (G), lysine (L), aspartic acid (A), and vitamin B complex (V). The values mentioned herein are indicated as mean ± S.D and the lowercase letters indicate the significant difference among the means.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Photosynthetic pigments observed in experiment 2 using chemical fertilizer (CK), Isabion® (I), glycine + lysine + aspartic acid (GLA), moringa leaf extract + GLA (M1), 25% NPK + M1 (M2). The values mentioned herein are indicated as mean ± S.D and the lowercase letters indicate the significant difference among the means.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Plant weight and moisture content: (A) Plant fresh weight, (B) Plant dry weight, (C) Moisture content observed in experiment 2 using chemical fertilizer (CK), Isabion® (I), glycine + lysine + aspartic acid (GLA), moringa leaf extract + GLA (M1), 25% NPK + M1 (M2). The values mentioned herein are indicated as mean ± S.D and the lowercase letters indicate the significant difference among the means.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Root length of radish observed in experiment 2 using chemical fertilizer (CK), Isabion® (I), glycine + lysine + aspartic acid (GLA), moringa leaf extract + GLA (M1), 25% NPK + M1 (M2). The values mentioned herein are indicated as mean ± S.D and the lowercase letters indicate the significant difference among the means.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Pearson correlation indicating the relation between assessment parameters: P is Photosynthetic rate, T is Transpiration rate, SC is Stomatal conductance, CA Internal CO2 concentration, Chl a+b is Photosynthetic pigments, LGI is Leaf greenness indexes, FW is Plant fresh weight, DW is Plant dry weight, Moisture content is Moisture content, Diameter is Root diameter, and Length is Root length. The * indicates week relationship, ** shows strong, and *** shows very strong relationship.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Gaseous exchange parameters: (A) Photosynthetic rate, (B) Transpiration rate, (C) Stomatal conductance (D) Internal CO2 concentration observed in experiment 1 using chemical fertilizer (CK), glycine (G), lysine (L), aspartic acid (A), and vitamin B complex (V). The values mentioned herein are indicated as mean ± S.D and the lowercase letters indicate the significant difference among the means.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Gaseous exchange parameters: (A) Photosynthetic rate, (B) Transpiration rate, (C) Stomatal conductance (D) Internal CO2 concentration observed in experiment 2 using chemical fertilizer (CK), Isabion® (I), glycine + lysine + aspartic acid (GLA), moringa leaf extract + GLA (M1), 25% NPK + M1 (M2). The values mentioned herein are indicated as mean ± S.D and the lowercase letters indicate the significant difference among the means.
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