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. 2022 Jul 27;8(8):471.
doi: 10.3390/gels8080471.

Physicochemical and Microstructural Analyses of Pepsin-Soluble Collagens Derived from Lizardfish (Saurida tumbil Bloch, 1795) Skin, Bone and Scales

Abdul Aziz Jaziri  1   2 , Rossita Shapawi  3 , Ruzaidi Azli Mohd Mokhtar  4 , Wan Norhana Md Noordin  5 , Nurul Huda  1
Affiliations

Physicochemical and Microstructural Analyses of Pepsin-Soluble Collagens Derived from Lizardfish (Saurida tumbil Bloch, 1795) Skin, Bone and Scales

Abdul Aziz Jaziri et al. Gels. .

Abstract

Reducing food waste is critical for sustainability. In the case of fish processing, more than sixty percent of by-products are generated as waste. Lizardfish (Saurida tumbil Bloch, 1795) is an economically important species for surimi production. To address waste disposal and maximize income, an effective utilization of fish by-products is essential. This study aims to isolate and characterize pepsin-soluble collagens from the skin, bone and scales of lizardfish. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the yields of collagen were noted with the highest yield recorded in pepsin-soluble skin collagen (PSSC) (3.50 ± 0.11%), followed by pepsin-soluble bone collagen (PSBC) (3.26 ± 0.10%) and pepsin-soluble scales collagen (PSCC) (0.60 ± 0.65%). Through SDS−polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the presence of two alpha chains were noted and classified as type I. From Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, the triple-helix structure of the collagen was maintained. The X-ray diffraction and UV visible spectra characteristics of the lizardfish collagens in this study are similar to the previously reported fish collagens. In terms of thermostability, PSSC (Tmax = 43.89 °C) had higher thermostability in comparison to PSBC (Tmax = 31.75 °C) and PSCC (Tmax = 30.54 °C). All pepsin-soluble collagens were highly soluble (>70%) in acidic conditions (particularly at pH 4.0) and at low sodium chloride concentrations (0−30 g/L). Microstructural analysis depicted that all extracted collagens were multi-layered, irregular, dense, sheet-like films linked by random coiled filaments. Overall, pepsin-soluble collagens from lizardfish skin, bone and scales could serve as potential alternative sources of collagens.

Keywords: biochemical properties; lizardfish by-product; pepsin-soluble collagen; structural characteristics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Electrophoretic characteristic of pepsin-solubilized collagens from lizardfish skin, bone and scales confirms the specificity of band patterns consisting of α1 (128.8 kDa), α2 (113.5 kDa), β (250 kDa) and γ (345.2 kDa) isomers. M: protein marker; Cc: commercial calf-skin collagen (standard); A1 and A2: pepsin-soluble skin collagen (PSSC); B1 and B2: pepsin-soluble bone collagen (PSBC); C1 and C2: pepsin-soluble scales collagen (PSCC).
Figure 2
Figure 2
UV-visible absorption spectra of pepsin-soluble collagens from the skin, bone and scales of lizardfish. PSSC: pepsin-soluble skin collagen; PSBC: pepsin-soluble bone collagen; PSCC: pepsin-soluble scales collagen.
Figure 3
Figure 3
IR spectra of pepsin-soluble collagens from the skin, bone and scales of lizardfish. PSSC: pepsin-soluble skin collagen; PSBC: pepsin-soluble bone collagen; PSCC: pepsin-soluble scales collagen.
Figure 4
Figure 4
XRD of pepsin-soluble collagens from lizardfish skin, bone and scales. PSSC: pepsin-soluble skin collagen; PSBC: pepsin-soluble bone collagen; PSCC: pepsin-soluble scales collagen.
Figure 5
Figure 5
DSC thermogram of pepsin-soluble collagens from lizardfish skin, bone and scales. PSSC: pepsin-soluble skin collagen; PSBC: pepsin-soluble bone collagen; PSCC: pepsin-soluble scales collagen.
Figure 6
Figure 6
FESEM photograph of pepsin-soluble collagens from lizardfish skin, bone and scales. PSSC: pepsin-soluble skin collagen; PSBC: pepsin-soluble bone collagen; PSCC: pepsin-soluble scales collagen.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Relative solubility of pepsin-soluble collagens from lizardfish skin, bone and scales treated at different pH and NaCl concentrations. PSSC: pepsin-soluble skin collagen; PSBC: pepsin-soluble bone collagen; PSCC: pepsin-soluble scales collagen.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Extraction step of pepsin-soluble collagen from the skin, bone and scales of lizardfish. PSSC: pepsin-soluble skin collagen; PSBC: pepsin-soluble bone collagen; PSCC: pepsin-soluble scales collagen.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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