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Review
. 2022 Jul 28;44(8):3378-3397.
doi: 10.3390/cimb44080233.

Topical Reappraisal of Molecular Pharmacological Approaches to Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus Angiopathy

Constantin Munteanu  1   2 , Mariana Rotariu  1 , Marius-Alexandru Turnea  1 , Aurelian Anghelescu  2   3 , Irina Albadi  4   5 , Gabriela Dogaru  6   7 , Sînziana Calina Silișteanu  8 , Elena Valentina Ionescu  4   9 , Florentina Carmen Firan  10 , Anca Mirela Ionescu  11 , Carmen Oprea  4   9 , Gelu Onose  2   11
Affiliations
Review

Topical Reappraisal of Molecular Pharmacological Approaches to Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus Angiopathy

Constantin Munteanu et al. Curr Issues Mol Biol. .

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a frequent medical problem, affecting more than 4% of the population in most countries. In the context of diabetes, the vascular endothelium can play a crucial pathophysiological role. If a healthy endothelium-which is a dynamic endocrine organ with autocrine and paracrine activity-regulates vascular tone and permeability and assures a proper balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis, and vasodilation and vasoconstriction, then, in contrast, a dysfunctional endothelium has received increasing attention as a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes. Hyperglycemia is indicated to be the major causative factor in the development of endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, many shreds of evidence suggest that the progression of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is parallel to the advancement of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. To present the state-of-the-art data regarding endothelial dysfunction in diabetic micro- and macroangiopathy, we constructed this literature review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We interrogated five medical databases: Elsevier, PubMed, PMC, PEDro, and ISI Web of Science.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; endothelial dysfunction; macroangiopathy; microangiopathy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA-type flow diagram for searching free full-text available papers (ISI eligibility–articles published in ISI-Web-of-Science-indexed journals).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Endothelial cells (ECs) fulfill specific physiologic functions such as actively regulating permeability, vascular tone, coagulation, and fibrinolysis factor equilibrium, the composition of the subendothelial matrix, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and cytokine release. Dysfunctional endothelium, mainly due to high levels of ROS, is a potential contributor to the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Molecular approaches of therapeutic interventions proposed to improve endothelial function in patients with DM.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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