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. 2022 Jul 28;14(8):516.
doi: 10.3390/toxins14080516.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals MAPK/AMPK as a Key Regulator of the Inflammatory Response in PST Detoxification in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Argopecten irradians

Chenfan Dong  1   2 , Haiyan Wu  1 , Guanchao Zheng  1 , Jixing Peng  1 , Mengmeng Guo  1 , Zhijun Tan  1   3   4
Affiliations

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals MAPK/AMPK as a Key Regulator of the Inflammatory Response in PST Detoxification in Mytilus galloprovincialis and Argopecten irradians

Chenfan Dong et al. Toxins (Basel). .

Abstract

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are an increasingly important source of pollution. Bivalves, as the main transmission medium, accumulate and metabolize PSTs while protecting themselves from damage. At present, the resistance mechanism of bivalves to PSTs is unclear. In this study, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Argopecten irradians were used as experimental shellfish species for in situ monitoring. We compared the inflammatory-related gene responses of the two shellfish during PSTs exposure by using transcriptomes. The results showed that the accumulation and metabolism rate of PSTs in M. galloprovincialis was five-fold higher than that in A. irradians. The inflammatory balance mechanism of M. galloprovincialis involved the co-regulation of the MAPK-based and AMPK-based anti-inflammatory pathways. A. irradians bore a higher risk of death because it did not have the balance system, and the regulation of apoptosis-related pathways such as the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were upregulated. Taken together, the regulation of the inflammatory balance coincides with the ability of bivalves to cope with PSTs. Inflammation is an important factor that affects the metabolic pattern of PSTs in bivalves. This study provides new evidence to support the studies on the resistance mechanism of bivalves to PSTs.

Keywords: Argopecten irradians; Mytilus galloprovincialis; inflammatory balance; oxidative stress; paralytic shellfish toxin.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Results of PSTs accumulation in M. galloprovincialis and A. irradians. (a) The line graph represents the PSTs concentrations in M. galloprovincialis and A. irradians from 2 April to 27 May and the bar graphs characterize the mortality of M. galloprovincialis and A. irradians during the experiment. (b) Ratio of different PST analogues over time (the units for analogues content were converted to μg STX eq/kg). Notes: values are expressed as means ± SD of three replicate samples.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Difference and enrichment analysis based on the KEGG database after PSTs exposure. (a) Histogram of differentially expressed genes of M. galloprovincialis and A. irradians in the Fast-stage and Slow-stage (DEGs are filtered by fold change ≥ 2 and p-value ≤ 0.05). (b) Thermogram of differentially expressed genes in M. galloprovincialis and A. irradians. Color intensities on the heatmap indicate relative expression levels (RPKM), with log-transformed (log2) expression values ranging from −2 to 3 (3 biological replicates were available for each time point). (c) Bubble diagram of significant enrichment pathways (fold change ≥ 2 and p-value ≤ 0.05) in the Fast-stage.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of expression of core genes in inflammation-related enrichment signal pathways in M. galloprovincialis and A. irradians at the Fast-stage and Slow-stage (colored boxes represent genes significantly up- or down-regulated, p-value < 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of differentially expressed genes and qRT-PCR. Notes: The data are presented as mean ± SD of three parallel measurements.
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