Review

. 2022 Jul 31;14(8):527.

doi: 10.3390/toxins14080527.

Nivalenol Mycotoxin Concerns in Foods: An Overview on Occurrence, Impact on Human and Animal Health and Its Detection and Management Strategies

Pradeep Kumar^{1

2}, Dipendra Kumar Mahato³, Akansha Gupta⁴, Surabhi Pandey⁴, Veena Paul⁴, Vivek Saurabh⁵, Arun Kumar Pandey⁶, Raman Selvakumar⁷, Sreejani Barua⁸, Mandira Kapri⁹, Manoj Kumar¹⁰, Charanjit Kaur⁵, Abhishek Dutt Tripathi⁴, Shirani Gamlath³, Madhu Kamle¹, Theodoros Varzakas¹¹, Sofia Agriopoulou¹¹

Affiliations

¹ Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India.
² Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
³ CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
⁴ Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
⁵ Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
⁶ Food Science and Technology, MMICT & BM(HM) Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India.
⁷ Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
⁸ Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
⁹ Centre for Rural Development and Technology (CRDT), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), New Delhi 110016, India.
¹⁰ Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
¹¹ Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece.

PMID: 36006189
PMCID: PMC9413460
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080527

Review

Nivalenol Mycotoxin Concerns in Foods: An Overview on Occurrence, Impact on Human and Animal Health and Its Detection and Management Strategies

Pradeep Kumar et al. Toxins (Basel). 2022.

. 2022 Jul 31;14(8):527.

doi: 10.3390/toxins14080527.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India.
² Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
³ CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
⁴ Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
⁵ Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
⁶ Food Science and Technology, MMICT & BM(HM) Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India.
⁷ Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
⁸ Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India.
⁹ Centre for Rural Development and Technology (CRDT), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), New Delhi 110016, India.
¹⁰ Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
¹¹ Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece.

PMID: 36006189
PMCID: PMC9413460
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080527

Abstract

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that infect a wide range of foods worldwide. Nivalenol (NIV), a type B trichothecene produced by numerous Fusarium species, has the ability to infect a variety of foods both in the field and during post-harvest handling and management. NIV is frequently found in cereal and cereal-based goods, and its strong cytotoxicity poses major concerns for both human and animal health. To address these issues, this review briefly overviews the sources, occurrence, chemistry and biosynthesis of NIV. Additionally, a brief overview of several sophisticated detection and management techniques is included, along with the implications of processing and environmental factors on the formation of NIV. This review's main goal is to offer trustworthy and current information on NIV as a mycotoxin concern in foods, with potential mitigation measures to assure food safety and security.

Keywords: detection and management strategies; food contamination; human and animal health; nivalenol.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Chemical structure of nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON).

**Figure 2**
Proposed mechanism of action of NIV.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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Nivalenol Mycotoxin Concerns in Foods: An Overview on Occurrence, Impact on Human and Animal Health and Its Detection and Management Strategies

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Nivalenol Mycotoxin Concerns in Foods: An Overview on Occurrence, Impact on Human and Animal Health and Its Detection and Management Strategies

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