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. 2022 Aug 8;14(8):541.
doi: 10.3390/toxins14080541.

Toxigenicity of F. graminearum Residing on Host Plants Alternative to Wheat as Influenced by Environmental Conditions

Sigita Janaviciene  1 , Skaidre Suproniene  1 , Grazina Kadziene  1 , Romans Pavlenko  2 , Zane Berzina  2 , Vadims Bartkevics  2
Affiliations

Toxigenicity of F. graminearum Residing on Host Plants Alternative to Wheat as Influenced by Environmental Conditions

Sigita Janaviciene et al. Toxins (Basel). .

Abstract

Fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) in several cereal crops worldwide. The potential of this pathogen to contaminate cereals with trichothecene mycotoxins presents a health risk for both humans and animals. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of different trichothecene genotypes of F. graminearum isolated from an alternative host plant to produce mycotoxins under different spring wheat grain incubation conditions. Fourteen F. graminearum strains were isolated from seven alternative host plants and identified as 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) genotypes. These strains were cultivated on spring wheat grains at 25 °C and 29 °C for 5 weeks. The mycotoxins produced were analysed with a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) coupled to a Thermo Scientific TSQ Quantiva MS/MS detector. The obtained results showed that the F. graminearum strains from alternative host plants could produce nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), fusarenon-X (FUS-X), 3-ADON, deoxynivalenol-3-ß-d-glucoside (D3G), 15-ADON, and zearalenone (ZEA). F. graminearum strains produced DON and ZEA under both temperatures, with the mean concentrations varying from 363 to 112,379 µg kg-1 and from 1452 to 44,816 µg kg-1, respectively. Our results indicated the possible role of dicotyledonous plants, including weeds, as a reservoir of inoculum sources of F. graminearum-induced Fusarium head blight, associated with the risk of mycotoxin contamination in spring wheat.

Keywords: Fusarium graminearum; alternative host; environmental conditions; mycotoxin profile.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The percentage of spring wheat grain samples contaminated with mycotoxins depending on the temperature and trichothecene genotype.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The average produced mycotoxin concentrations (µg kg−1) in spring wheat grains with alternative host strains incubated at 25 °C.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The average produced mycotoxin concentrations (µg kg−1) in spring wheat grains inoculated with alternative host strains and incubated at 29 °C.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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