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. 2022 Aug 8;11(8):1540.
doi: 10.3390/antiox11081540.

One-Year Changes in Urinary Microbial Phenolic Metabolites and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes-A Case-Control Study

María Marhuenda-Muñoz  1   2   3 , Inés Domínguez-López  1   2   3 , Emily P Laveriano-Santos  1   2   3 , Isabella Parilli-Moser  1   2   3 , Cristina Razquin  1   4 , Miguel Ruiz-Canela  1   4 , Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortari  4   5 , Dolores Corella  1   6 , Jordi Salas-Salvadó  1   7   8 , Montserrat Fitó  1   9 , José Lapetra  1   10 , Fernando Arós  1   11 , Miquel Fiol  1   12 , Lluis Serra-Majem  1   13 , Xavier Pintó  1   14 , Enrique Gómez-Gracia  1   15 , Emilio Ros  1   16 , Ramon Estruch  1   17 , Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós  1   2   3
Affiliations

One-Year Changes in Urinary Microbial Phenolic Metabolites and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes-A Case-Control Study

María Marhuenda-Muñoz et al. Antioxidants (Basel). .

Abstract

The intake of polyphenols has been associated with a risk reduction of type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, the molecules that might be metabolically active after ingestion are only starting to be investigated regarding this metabolic disease. To investigate the association between one-year changes in urinary microbial phenolic metabolites (MPM) and the incidence of type 2 diabetes, we performed a case-control study using data and samples of the PREDIMED trial including 46 incident type 2 diabetes cases of 172 randomly selected participants. Eight urinary MPMs were quantified in urine by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and used to assess their associations with type 2 diabetes risk by multivariable logistic regression models. Compared to participants in the lowest tertile of one-year changes in hydroxybenzoic acid glucuronide, those in the highest tertile had a significantly lowered probability of developing type 2 diabetes (OR [95% CI], 0.39 [0.23−0.64]; p < 0.001 for trend). However, when additionally adjusting for fasting plasma glucose, the statistical significance was lost. Changes in the dietary pattern can increase the concentrations of this compound, derived from many (poly)phenol-rich foods, and might be changing the gut microbial population as well, promoting the production of the metabolite.

Keywords: Mediterranean diet; PREDIMED study; bioactive compounds; cardiovascular; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; phytochemicals; urinary microbial phenolic metabolites.

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Conflict of interest statement

E.R. reports personal fees from the California Walnut Commission and Alexion outside the submitted work. R.M.L.-R. reports personal fees from Cerveceros de España, personal fees and other support from Adventia, and other support from Ecoveritas, S.A. and Idilia Foods outside the submitted work. The rest of the authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow-chart of the case-control design.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Likelihood (OR [95% CI]) of type 2 diabetes development by one-year changes in urinary concentrations of MPM in the PREDIMED Study. This model was adjusted for sex, age, intervention group, body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, education level, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and energy intake.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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